No. 1, July, 1920] PHYSIOLOGY 



1452. Fribdrichs, Oscar v. UndersOknlng 8i iferoljor. I. D linr^ ab 



tallfroolja. [Investigations of fatty D oils. I. pine seed oil— Pinus 



silvestris L.l Svensk Farm. Tidskr. 23 : 445 151,461 103. 1910. 



, Oscar v. UndersOknix • koniferoljor. II. rjndersdknl 



av granfroolja. [Investigations of fatty conifer oils. II. Investigation ;ea 



abies Kursten.) Sve inn. Tidskr. 23: 500-605. 1919 3ee Bot. Absts. I. 



L454. GrI] , wo A. SchAfbr. Zur Zusammenset/' I tig 



ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis tier Vorgange belm Tcigigwerdcn der i [The compo ition of 



"Inch:sions" and the process of mellowing of fruits. 1 Zeitschr. Untersuch. Nahrui 

 nussmittel 37: 97-111. 1919. '"Inclusions" are I annin-containing intracellular b< 

 inesocarp of a number of fruits, chiefly varieties of pear, consists entirely of incl With 



one known exception, they mellow rapidly. The di f acid I 



toss of i aim in but to its becoming insoluble as a resuh 1 of a kind of coagul ition ol lu- 



sions. The inclusions of domestic pears contain a tannin soluble in wat< 

 bound in part to a sparingly soluble colloid substance of unknown composition irhich for 

 the body of the inclusion. With the mellowing proce a arc gradually formed brown coloi 

 products (Phlobasphen). Similar processes take place in oiler fruits which arc rich in inclu- 

 sions. — In the mellowing of pears acetaldehyde is formed. The pi ml galactan c 

 tent of the inclusions is very small, probably arising from the cell wall. Sugars 

 been obtained by hydrolysis. — The reaction of the tannin from these inclusions with 1 

 and NaOH indicates the presence of a pyrocatechin derivative. A small amount of pro 

 catechuic acid is present, but no phloroglucin. The tannin in question belongs to the oak bark 

 group and does not possess a glucosidal character. — The violet color reaction of the inclusions 

 with KOH has to do with the combination of tannin with the colloid body. — Inclusions h 

 recently been found in the following varieties of fruits in nearly all cells of the mesoci 

 Pirns communis L., P. salicifolia ~L.,fil., P. bctulifolia Bge., P. amygdaliformis Vill., P. 

 ensis Lindb., P. pulcherrima A. et G., P. baccata L. and Primus spinosa L. — //. 6. Harbour. 



1455. Hepburn, Joseph Samuel. The work of previous investigations on Nepenthes. 

 Contrib. Bot. Lab. Univ. Pennsylvania 4: 419-442. 1919.— This is the first part of a series of 

 four papers, which appear in the second part of the fourth volume of Contributions from the 

 Botanical Laboratory of the University of Pennsylvania, on the pitcher liquors found in dif- 

 ferent species of Nepenthes and Sarraccnia. As the title indicates, it is an account of previous 

 work done on the liquors from Nepenthes pitchers and comprises reference to the chemical 

 investigations and experiments of Voelcker, Hooker, Von Gorup and Will, Vines, Dub 

 Couvreur, Tischutkin, Goebel, Clautriau, Tenner, Abderhalden and Teruuchi, Robin- 

 Jenny Hempel, Shibata and Nagai, and PfefTer. It is an introduction to the papers which fol- 

 low as the original contribution to the subject. — Joh I W. Harshbergi r. 



1456. Hepburn, Joseph S., and E. Quint ard St. John. A bacteriological study of the 

 pitcher liquors of Nepenthes. Contrib. Bot. Lab. Univ. Pennsylvania 4: 451-459. 1919.— 

 This is the third paper in the series of studies of the pitcher liquor of Nepenl hes. The inv< 

 gation was started to prove or disprove the statement of some thai the digestive action of the 

 pitcher liquor of Nepenthes was due to the activity of micro-organisms. It ad that 

 the liquor taken aseptically from unopened pitchers was sterile, while the liquor in partly 

 opened pitchers free from insects contained a goodly number of bacteria. Liquor from o] 

 active pitchers, containing insect remains, had a bacterial count of from 48,000 to S,000.i 

 per cubic centimeter. These organisms were rods and they were grown in pure culture 

 test their action on various media with the following conclusions. The slowness with which 

 bacterial digestion of protein occurred shows that bacteria play but a iry r.Me in 

 digestion of insects in the pitcher. The leading role in the digestion is played by the prote 



of the pitcher liquor. — John W. Harshberger. 



