U7 



and also covering, with a portion of its circumference, the 

 upper one, which, however, very soon forces the scutellum 

 aside, and projects beyond it. The cotyledon, at first erect, 

 now takes an oblique direction, and ultimately an horizontal 

 one, (Jig, 2,) and soon after its appearance the seed rises to 

 the surface of the water. 



Then the plantule, hitherto concealed, begins to extend its 

 disc beyond the lips of the cotyledon, passing over the 

 scutellum, and projecting far beyond it. The spur of the 

 plantule, seated within the cavity {fig. 3, «,) of the lower lip, 

 also grows larger, and its gradual developement is marked 

 by a continually increasing prominence just below the scutel- 

 lum, {figs. 6, 7, 8,) in the middle of the lower lip, which is at 

 length pierced, {fig. 9,) and the spur becomes the root of the 

 now almost erect plantule. The root bears at its extremity 

 a sheath, not formed of a portion of the lower lip, as I once 

 erroneously supposed, but precisely similar to that found 

 on the roots of the parent plants or innovations afterwards 

 produced, {figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13.) The root continues to 

 grow until it is about six times as long as the seed, (some- 

 times it remains very short,) and the lower portion of the 

 embryo within the integuments of the seed now swells, and 

 becoming slightly bulbous at its extremity, is securely re- 

 tained within them. 



An innovation or secondary plant, from one or other of the 

 sides of the plantule, {figs. 10, 12, 13,) near the insertion of 

 the root, now makes its appearance. (I do not remember to 

 have seen an instance in which there was one on each side of 

 the same plantule, though I have frequently seen a second in- 

 novation afterwards arise close to the first.) Its developement 

 is exactly similar to those subsecjuently produced, and the 

 spur or root does not pierce any portion of the plantule, but 

 slips from the lower margin of the fissure, which has the 

 same appearance as the (so termed) calyx in the fertile plant. 



This secondary plant usually bears two innovations on 

 each side, and at the time when the plantule has thus given 

 birth to a race of grandchildren, viviparously produced, 

 the cotyledon remains attached to the whole, without any 



