BOTANICAL GAZETTE. i86 



tions, references and synonymy full ; the drawings, all by the author's 

 own hand, may challenge comparison with those of SuUivant, and the 

 lithography does them justice. This moss-flora is appropriately ded- 

 icated : "To the memory of the late William Wilson, the greatest of 

 British Bryologists." — A. Gray. 



Botanical Charts. — For the benefit of any readers of the Ga- 

 zette who are teachers of Botany I wish to give a brief description of 

 a method of prepiring botanical charts which may be of great service 

 in illustration of the su^ie:t. While recognizing the fact that the only 

 proper way to teach the science is by actual dissection and demonstra- 

 tion under the microsco])e I also know the fact that many have to 

 teach botany in the best way they can without microscopes. Even to 

 those whose departments are well supplied these charts maybe helpful 

 in illustrating a course of lectures, in the class room or to popular 

 audiences I have never seen anything similar in use and believe that 

 they are here first described. 



Prof. L. S. Thompson in charge of the Department of Industrial 

 Art of Purdue University after considerable experimenting to find a 

 cheaj), easily made and convenient chart for use in his class-room has 

 determined upon this form as being in every way tiie best. Seeing 

 them there I have constructed a number for use in botanical instruc- 

 tion. By his permission 1 here describe them hoping they may be of 

 use in the sciences as well as in art. 



Sheets of strong smooth nimilla paper (the quality used for genus 

 covers is the best but a little more expensive than necessary) 40x48 

 inches are to be had at any book store or paper house. These cut 

 along the fold make a convenient size 24x40 or if larger is wanted a 

 sheet 36x48 left uncut is mo^t suitable. On these the illustrations to 

 be used may first be sketched in pencil and then c mpleted in India 

 ink. Crayon may be used and if it shows any tendency to blur ,' as it 

 usually does when handled) may be sprayed with a solution of shellac 

 in alcohol by means of an atomizer. As this is troublesome India ink 

 is preferable. Very frequently students with time and talent enough 

 cm either do the whole of the work or the preliminary sketching. 

 Exi)erience will dictate the best illustrations, such as Figs. 123, 219, 

 224 and 565 in Gray's Structural Botany; 18 a, 26 and 77 from Sachs 

 and 53 73 and 302 from Bessey are easily put on and serve a good 

 turn in demonstration. 



Having completed a sufficient number of charts procure the round 

 pine sticks used for curtain rollers, a shoemaker's eyelet punch and 

 fastener, a few eyelets and a few small screws. Al(;ng the lop edge 

 of a series of charts (twenty \\vit is a convenient number) punch four 

 or five holes, insert and fasten the eyelets and you have them securely 

 bound together. It is well, to ])revent the tearing off of tne outer 

 chart, to fasten in the holes small bits of tin thus giving greater bear- 

 ing surf ice 10 rhe rim of the eyelet. Now with the small screws fasten 

 the bunch to the rcjller and the work is done. 



For su])porting these charts a light frame tripod with a cross piece at 

 the top furnished with hooks at suitable distances to catch into corres- 



