80 Bulletin 78 



should be set 6 by 8 or 8 by 8 feet apart. During the first two 

 years the development of a single string trunk is desired, if the 

 stump or self-supporting system of pruning is used. After the trunk 

 is formed three or four arms are developed which carry the fruiting 

 canes or spurs and the renewal spurs. Subsequent pruning consists 

 in thinning the canes to the required number and the shortening-in 

 of these canes according to the variety; also the leaving of renewal 

 spurs to form the fruiting wood for the next crop. 



The stump system has several disadvantages, but it is an easy 

 one to establish and maintain and allows cultivation in two direc- 

 tions, which advantages make it the most popular system. It 

 is better fitted to the varieties which bear well on spurs like the 

 Mission, than to vaiieties like Thompson's Seedless, which need 

 canes upon which to bear a full crop. A trellis is best for this and 

 other long-pruned varieties. 



ft has not as yet been necessary to graft vines in Arizona to 

 resist the phylloxera. Insects are not very numerous, the Buffalo 

 leaf hopper and the green beetles being the worst. 



Thompson's Seedless is easily the most popular grape, because 

 it ripens early enough to esoape the green beetles and is seedless. 

 Other popular varieties are Mission, Muscat, and Malaga. The 

 Dattier de Beyreuth, Almeria, Lady Finger, and Purple Damascus 

 are also worthy of trial. 



In the cool sections of the vState the American or American- 

 European hybrid varieties of grapes can be grown. The best of these 

 varieties for cur conditions is Niagara. Other varieties are Aga- 

 wam. Woodruff, and Concord. Although these varieties can be 

 grown in the warm parts of the State, the vines aie not very health}^ 

 and the yield is low. 



GRASSES 



Brome grass, Kentucky blue grass, Australian rye grass, orchard 

 grass, and other similar cultivated grasses so common in the Central 

 and Eastern states are seriously injured or killed outright by our 

 hot, dry summers at altitudes below 3000 feet. Tney make good 

 growth, however, during nearly all of the fall, winter, and spring 

 seasons. Seeds of such grasses should be sown in September or 

 early in October when the maximum temperatures are considerably 

 lower than in summer. During June and July the seeds of these 



