522 BuLLKTiN 84 



IH'ALl'AI \ALLi;v 



Hualpai A'alley, approximately sixty miles long and twenty- 

 five miles wide, extends in a north and south direction and lies im- 

 mediately west of Peacock and Music Mountains. Except at the, 

 north end, it is an undrained basin. Accumulation of floodwater in 

 the center of the basin forms Red Lake, a big muddy flat except 

 (luring the few weeks of flood season. The valley floor is approxi- 

 mately 3000 feet al)ove sea level, and is surrounded by abrupt 

 mountains on either side. The only stream of importance is Trux- 

 ton Creek which is dry most of the year. 



The soil is a light loam. "Caliche" appears in jdaces but, in 

 general, the soil depth is satisfactory. In the center of the Valley 

 there is considerable soil movement by wind. The native vegeta- 

 tion consists of grama and galleta grasses. 



At Kingman, located in the low hills on the west border of the 

 \'alley, the average annual precipitation for three years was 7.65 

 inches, which is insufficient for dry-farming. Underground water 

 may be obtained only at great depths. A well sunk to a depth of 

 700 feet near the head of the Hualpai Wash failed to go through the 

 toj) stratum of rock debris. Storage of the water of Truxton Creek, 

 which does not seem feasible, appears to be the only method by 

 which Hualpai \'alley can be reclaimed for agricultural ])urposes. 



BIG SAXDN- \'ALIJ:V 



Big Sandy \'alley lies south of Hualpai Valley beyond Pea- 

 cock Mountains and Hualpai Peak. Aquarious Cliffs and Aquarious 

 Mountains form the eastern boundary and Aubrey Hills the west- 

 ern. The elevation at Hackberry on the northern border is 3552 

 feet, and the slope southward is quite abrupt. The X'alley is drained 

 by Big Sandy Wash and its tributaries. White Clifl:', Trout, Abapuk, 

 Spencer, and Sycamore Creeks and Deluge Wash, all of which are 

 dry most of the year. The soil is largely decomposed granite and 

 in many places is shallow. The average annual precipitation is 

 probably from six to eight inches. Little is known concerning the 

 groundwater supply, but it is probably limited and far below the 

 surface. 



