532 Bulletin 84 



devoted considerable attention to stock raising and have developed 

 an interesting system of range management. In winter they move 

 all their belongings into the mountains and higher valleys. Here 

 they stay vmtil well toward the end of the hot, dry spring and fore- 

 summer. Shortly before the usual summer rains are expected, they 

 return to their homes at the lower elevations and plant their crops 

 of corn and beans, bringing them to maturity by means of occa- 

 sional irrigations with floodwater. After harvesting their summer 

 crops they return to their homes in the mountains where the range, 

 which has been refreshed by summer rains, furnishes a maximum 

 amount of forage for their livestock. Thus they are able to guard 

 against famine because of their wise range management and by tak- 

 ing immediate advantage of summer precipitation for dry-farming. 



The Ho pi Tribe: The Ilopi Indians (sometimes called Moqui) 

 like the Pimas and Papagoes are peaceful, though anything but 

 cowardly. They are comparatively short in stature, stockily built, 

 and possessed of great physical endurance, excelling in their long 

 distance races. Usually they live in villages ; while their fields are 

 often several miles away. These Indians commonly make a run of 

 ten or twelve miles to their fields, do a full day's work, and return 

 home again in the evening without being much fatigued. Authen- 

 tic reports indicate that occasionally they have run as far as one 

 hundred miles in a day and at times they have been used to help 

 catch wild horses, their efforts on foot being as valuable as those of 

 white men on horseback in tiring wild range stock. 



As far back as their history is known, the Hopis have been 

 agricultural people. They are essentially religious and are divided 

 into a number of clans, the chief ceremonies of each clan being 

 centered about agricultural occupations. The interesting and well- 

 known "Snake Dance," for example, is a ceremony of the Snake 

 Clan, assisted by the Antelope Clan, for the purpose of winning the 

 favor of the rain gods in order that summer rains may be ample to 

 insure them good crops of corn and beans. This ceremony is held 

 about the middle of the summer rainy season. The "Flute Dance" 

 is a ceremony of the Flute Clan for the purpose of winning the favor 

 of the gods controlling the supply of subterranean water which ap- 

 pears on the surface as springs. 



The principal crops of the Plopis are corn and beans ; and, like 

 the Pimas and Papagoes, they have contributed several important 



