19 18 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 15 



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Packing House at Koshlionong, Missouri 



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106 East JeflFerson|St., South Bend, Indiana 



Live Stock and the Orchard 



By Professor E. J. Iddings, University of Idaho, Moscow 



THERE has been in Western agricul- 

 tural practice a strong tendency for 

 several years toward specialization. In 

 so far as this has meant for more in- 

 tensive methods and for greater intelli- 

 gence and skill devoted to the produc- 

 tion of special crops or special farm 

 products, the movement has been 

 worthy of high commendation. Weak- 

 nesses have l)een found in the system, 

 however, and the trend of today is 

 away from extreme specialization and 

 toward diversification in the handling 

 of the Western agricultural farm hold- 

 ings. 



A fundamental difTiculty for the man 

 of limited means in any plan of high 

 specialization is that he docs not, and 

 probably cannot, afford to prepare him- 

 self for a season of loss. It is not 

 always entirely well with a specialty. 

 Whether it is with the cereals or the 

 forage crops of the field or the crops of 

 the orchard, there comes a season when 

 conditions arc unfavorable and the in- 

 come is small. With tlic fruit grower, 

 furthermore, there may be the problem 

 of the orchard not yet in bearing and 



diversification offers at least part solu- 

 tion for the problem of maintaining 

 the family until the orchard is of bear- 

 ing age. Diversification, therefore, does 

 not run counter to the l)est interests of 

 the fruit grower, but on the other hand, 

 assists in increasing his income and in 

 staving over certain periods when the 

 orchard is young or when, for some 

 reason, it does not yield in abundance. 

 A modern slogan that is now quite 

 popular in the agricultural field is the 

 warning not to put all the eggs in one 

 basket. 



There are four direct reasons why 

 the orchardist should be able to find a 

 use for live stock in connection with his 

 main business, which is that of fruit 

 production. In the first place the live 

 stock furnishes an additional source of 

 income and often contributes directly 

 to the support of the family by furnish- 

 ing animal products for home consump- 

 tion. Second, live stock may be made 

 to furnish a market for many of the 

 crops grown by the orchardist between 

 the rows of trees. Some of the crops, 

 such as legumes, corn, grains of various 



kinds, can, as a rule, be most profitably 

 marketed through live stock. Third, 

 the orchardist needs live stock for the 

 purpose of maintaining soil fertility. 

 We find that more and more fruit men 

 are giving consideration to the question 

 of fertilization and we all recognize 

 that one of the cheapest and most effi- 

 cient means of maintaining the soil in 

 the best possible physical condition for 

 maximum production is through the use 

 of farm manures secured through live- 

 stock keeping. There is a fourth reason 

 why the orchardist should at this par- 

 ticular time think seriously of live- 

 stock production. This is because the 

 leaders of the American government 

 today are calling for more animals and 

 more animal products. The larger 

 share by far of the needs of the nation 

 in this direction will, of course, be 

 taken care of on the ranges and on the 

 farms. The fruit grower, however, can 

 aid materially in this direction and if a 

 few head of live stock were kept on the 

 average fruit farm of the West the 

 sum total would be of real assistance 

 in meeting the present-day needs of 

 America. 



Granted that live-stock keeping is 

 feasible, we may immediately consider 



