I9I9 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page p 



BEST SERVf 



QUALITY a PRicr 



^.M 



PERFECTION IN 



-24 NORTHWESTERN BANK BIOC. 

 PORTLAND.OREGON. 



E.Shelley Morgan 



NORTH WESTER N MAN'AG E R 



WE CARRY -AND CAN SHip iN 24 

 HOURS-STCCK LABELS FOR PEARS.] 

 APPLES.CHERRIES ft STRA WBERftjES. 



Spraying 



Specially written for Better Fruit by Thos. C. C. 

 Scott, Commercial Orchardist of Stoke. Nelson. New 

 Zealand, and revised by a Government Orchard In- 

 structor, with an explanatory paragraph. 



SPRAYING is of the utmost import- 

 ance and of the greatest necessity 

 in our orchard work, and the ques- 

 tion arises: Can we obtain absolutely 

 clean crops by correct spraying? Have 

 we arrived at anything like a systematic 

 scheme to cope with all the diseases in 

 as economical manner as possible? 



A brief paper on New Zealand meth- 

 ods, more particularly those obtaining 

 in the Nelson district, where the biggest 

 orchards of the Dominion are, may in- 

 terest readers of Bettkr Fruit and will 

 form an interesting subject for com- 

 parison with spray programs in vogue 

 in the United States. 



The writer has sprayed for the fol- 

 lowing diseases: Scab, powdery mil- 

 dew,' shot-hole fungus, coral spot, 

 monilia fructigena or brown rot of 

 plum and peach, bladder plum, leaf 

 curl, codlin moth, leaf roller, woolly 

 aphis, peach aphis, apple aphis (green), 

 red spider and brown mite, San Jose 

 scale and mussel-shell scale. 



San Jose scale and mussel-shell scale 

 have entirely disappeared, having given 

 way to Gargoyle prepared red spraying 

 oil and lime-sulphur. 



Codlin moth and leaf roller are kept 

 right under with four to five sprayings 

 of arsenate of lead. The aphides and 

 mites are kept under with prepared red 

 spraying oil. Black Leaf 40 or lime- 

 sulphur, and the fungoid diseases are 

 kept in check by a special program of 

 lime-sulphur or bordeaux. 



The Stoke Fruit Growers' Association 

 has conducted experiments for three 

 years past and has achieved consider- 

 able success, so much so that the writer 

 lor two years past has been able to use 

 I fixed program under varying condi- 

 lions with entire success, and wherever 

 this program has been carried out very 

 high percentages of perfectly clean fruit 

 have been obtained. 



I find the best time to check woolly 

 aphis, on varieties sub,ject to this blight, 

 is to spray with Gargoyle prepared red 

 spraying oil l-(iO inmiediately the crop 

 has been gathered. 



The spray program, of course, must 

 be carried out in a most perfect manner. 

 There must be correct strength of mate- 

 rial, correct times of ai)plication, a good 

 brand, high pressure (200 pounds), suit- 

 able weather conditions, correct nozzles, 

 suitable water, correct care of tree, 

 such as pruning and cultivation, and, 

 last but not least, thorough application. 

 The most important sprayings are the 

 delayed dormant, the pink and the calyx 

 lor scab. The pink spraying is the most 

 important, as the spot fungus is most 

 active at this period, although it begins 

 spore activity as soon as the buds begin 

 to open in the spring, when an applica- 

 tion called the delayed dormant will do 

 an immense amount of good, as proved 

 by experiment in my orchard last year 

 and by experiment in Hood River Val- 

 ley, Oregon. 



An important feature in the spray 

 program is the combining of lime-sul- 

 phur with arsenate of lead. This has 

 been quite successful for three years 

 past without burning or deterioration 

 in results. Black Leaf 40 has occasion- 

 ally to be added for woolly aphis if bad 

 in late summer. This cleans the trees 

 up considerably before picking time. 



I proceed as follows in mixing lime- 

 sulphur with arsenate of lead: 



In one four-gallon bucket dilute the 

 lime-sulphur to be used to that extent, 

 four gallons. Next slack three pounds 

 quicklime and dilute to four gallons. 

 This is poured off into another four- 

 gallon bucket containing three pounds 

 of arsenate of lead paste worked down 

 to the consistency of thin cream. These 

 two buckets, the dilute lime-sulphur, 

 and arsenate of lead and limewater, are 

 then poured into the spray barrel, run- 

 ning together; the spray barrel to con- 

 tain a full supply of water. The lime 

 used has a tendency to neutralize the 

 burning effect of the water soluble 

 forms of arsenic. I have had no burn- 

 ing through three years under all con- 

 ditions. 



The following is the spray program 

 used for apples and pears: 



First applicatiim (delayed dormant). 

 For scab, mildew and aphis. (Lime- 

 sulphur 1-20 at 32' test,) If aphis bad, 

 add Black Leaf 40, 1-1200. 



Second application (pink). For scab 

 and mildew. (Lime-sulphur 1-50 to 60.) 



Third application (calyx). For scab, 

 mildew and codlin. (Lime-sulphur 1-80 

 to 100). Add arsenate of lead, 3 lbs. to 

 100, for moth. 



Fourth application (ten days after 

 calyx). For scab and mildew. (Lime- 



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iryfT^.^ 



Dean Spray Puitm Co.. 11 N. L"s Angeles St , 



■Xt W. .luliaii SI.. ll'Pt- I'-l. 



San .lose. Cal. Li's .iuBcles, tal. 



Scml me TraiUlM'LL .atalng and full intornui 

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Xatiie., 



SI ret- 



I lly 



County Sta-;e 



Nn. ..f .Xcre- , Kin.! nf Crops Crown... 



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