I9I9 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 2y 



ing to certain tree development. The 

 reaction and change which comes to a 

 tree from pruning is found in close 

 proximity to the wound. For example, 

 you have often seen large pear trees 

 dehorned; cutting off four or five of the 

 main branches to mere stubs, perhaps 

 leaving one or two branches as they 

 ■were. The cutting off of large branches 

 causes them to immediately throw out 

 vigorous sappy growths which we 

 might term suckers or watersprouts. It 

 will be many years before such growths 

 are fruitful because we have cut off all 

 of the carbohydrates or starches out of 

 such branches, material which we need 

 in making our trees fruitful, and have 

 substituted a wood which is excessively 

 rich in the soil nutrients. But, on the 

 other hand, if we will examine the two 

 or three branches which are unpruned 

 we will generally find that they did 

 about as usual, bearing some fruit and 

 making a small amount of growth. The 

 pruning did not affect them, but reached 

 only the branches which were heavily 

 pruned. It has been shown in experi- 

 ments at the Oregon Experiment Sta- 

 tion that with pear trees, for example, 

 bearing great masses or dense clusters 

 or spurs, that such spurs can be greatly 

 revitalized by thinning out a portion of 

 them. This will revitalize the remain- 

 ing spurs and furnish new wood for 

 future spurs. If this is not done the 

 spurs become weaker and weaker. To 

 reach these spurs and stimulate them 

 very much, prune in the clusters them- 

 selves and not in some other portion of 

 the tree. By such pruning we change 

 the proportion of nitrates and carbo- 

 hydrates and bring about a condition 

 which means fruitfulness. The ques- 

 tions of revitalizing and stimulating 



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fruit spurs needs a closer study on the 

 part of our growers. 



In pruning our bearing fruit trees, 

 the bud and the fruit spurs are two 

 parts which we should give special 

 study. Some investigations that we 

 have made at this Experiment Station 

 would indicate that the percentage of 

 spurs that bloom from year to year 

 decreases as such spurs get older, and 

 that the percentage of spurs which 

 bears fruit decreases at an even faster 

 rate as they get older. In other words, 

 .some spurs may have the vitality to pro- 

 duce a bloom but have not reserve 

 energy enough to set or, after setting, 

 to mature a fruit. Our investigations 

 have shown that the amount of growth 

 that a spur makes for a given season 

 has a close relation to its bearing the 

 following season. There is also a cor- 

 relation between bearing and length 

 and diameter of spur. Branches that 

 have a large diameter have stronger 



spurs and bear more fruit. From these 

 results it would seem that the spur to 

 a large extent acts as a barometer, and 

 that a study of their vitality and the 

 nature of the wood on which they are 

 borne will determine to a certain degree 

 what pruning should be given such 

 trees. One should attempt to develop a 

 fair amount of new wood annually in 

 order to provide for the necessary in- 

 crease of new buds and spurs essential 

 to the best tree development and should 

 constantly keep in mind the revitalizing 

 of some of the older spurs on the trees. 

 We get a fine example in the Italian 

 prune in the value of distributing the 

 pruning of the trees. There are three 

 kinds of wood on the average prune 

 tree. First, the upright strong branch- 

 ing or staghorn wood, so to speak. 

 This wood has a mighty bright future. 

 Second, there is the wood which grows 

 out horizontally. This wood has had a 

 wonderful past, a fair present, but an 



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