Page 28 



BETTER FRUIT 



March 



The Old Reliable 



BELL & CO. 



Incorporatad 



WHOLESALE 



Fruits and Produce 



112-114 Front Street 

 PORTLAND, OREGON 



DELICIOUS,(Bearing)ORCHARD 



40 Acres World's Finest Apples 



Must be sold at once and now offered cheaper than 

 any other Delicious Orchard in the Northwest. 



Will Divide and Give Easy Terms 

 J. CANBY MORGAN, 214 First Street, Portland, Ore. 



$4800 A YEARfo'i%\°rf,n1 



Rufu9 Eefi Belgian Hares and Flemish Giant 

 FabtiltB. W© furoiBh high j^raae siuck aod pay 

 S7*00 a Pair, also express charges, for all 

 you r.iiBefrum b.-iido. We need 3000 weekly. Get oor 

 FREE BOOK telling how to feed, breed and honee. 

 Ue» elanefl right. Don't breed commnn rabbits. 



DAVIS & SON, 128 AVE.31 , LOS ANG£IES,CAL 



you must be prepared and act quickly 

 under favorable conditions or else be 

 a "good sport" and also prepared to 

 just grind the clods by sheer force of 

 weight if the time has passed by or 

 never came. 



Rollers are of very little value. I 

 have a 10-foot clod-masher with a hinge 

 in the center to which I hitch six 

 horses and shovel about one ton of dirt 

 on it in bad cases. It has a way of its 

 own in putting its ear right down to 

 the ground so it can hear the grumbling 

 of the clods as they powder out behind, 

 while it communicates to them how to 

 do it. Don't forget, it takes power to 

 force clods to yield. I also have a 24- 

 tooth spring-tooth harrow which four 

 horses cannot run when set eight or ten 

 inches deep. I have this so I can get 

 below horse-track depth as much as 

 possible, and also to hook up any 

 chunks which need pulverizing. Here 

 is where I get the air in the ground; 

 and instead of having three or four 

 inches of mulch I have eight or ten, 

 which furnishes a root bed as well. 



There are some kinds of soils which 

 will not respond to any ordinary meth- 

 ods. An abundance of straw plowed 

 under in the fall will help a great deal, 

 and something should be kept growing 

 during the winter on such land. This 

 will keep the soil loose, prevent wash- 

 ing and retain as much fertility as the 

 plants hold. Yet with all you can do it 

 will be necessary to give the soil a 

 change for other reasons than clods. If 

 broccoli or cabbage is grown contin- 

 uously on the same field the keeping 

 qualities will deteriorate and necessi- 

 tate the use of potash to give them 

 firmness. 



I class buckwheat as king of all crops 

 to bring back packed soil. Its fine roots 

 have a way of ramifying in all direc- 



tions, and possibly the acid from their 

 decayed state helps to separate the 

 atoms of the soil; anyhow, let it be as 

 it may, the results are forthcoming and 

 the straw rots exceptionally quick. If 

 you do not care to harvest the crop, 

 plow it under in the fall after the grain 

 has sprouted. (Better run over with a 

 disc to insure sprouting so as to avoid 

 volunteering.) Sow vetch and let it 

 stand late next .spring — say about May 

 1, and plow it well under with a .jointer 

 when the soil is rather dry. Plow as 

 shallow as you can to get a good job of 

 it. Later disc as deep as you can — say 

 about June 15 — and be sure to cut 

 through all the vetch plowed under and 

 turn as much as possible of it to the 

 surface. Most men fail because they do 

 not have heavy enough equipment to 

 cut deep. I have a 20-inch disc har- 

 row, and wish it was 24 inches. The 

 16-inch discs are a plaything and a 

 bluff at the job. 



If you have a strata of vegetation 

 between the surface and subsoil you 

 will be stung at harvest time in propor- 

 tion to the thickness of the strata which 

 prevents the soil from holding moist- 

 ure above it. 



I believe land plaster causes the soil 

 to become sticky. Sand is what the soil 

 really needs. I have a piece of low, 

 black, sticky soil. I allow the wash 

 from the fields above to run in on it, 

 which has greatly improved it. 



Tile draining is one of the most bene- 

 ficial things to soil, as it prevents the 

 filling up with water in winter. By 

 lowering the water level the air is 

 allowed to penetrate deeper, which 

 keeps the soil mellow. You will find 

 50 per cent less clods over or near the 

 tiles than between them if laid too far 

 apart. I have laid several miles of tile 

 and have no cause to regret the ex- 

 pense. The length of the season for 

 working the soil is more than doubled 

 and the harvesting period is made com- 

 fortable and safer, with many crops, 

 as well as preventing soil injury. I 

 have seen that plants standing upon 

 wet soil receive far more injury from 

 frost than those standing on drier soil. 

 They have a slow way to recuperate 

 when the thaw comes on. 



Big tough plants are necessary, well 

 hardened and long tap roots, so they 

 can be set deep. Late planting is 

 preferable on account of frosts. Spray 

 the beds for aphis prevention. Dip the 

 plants by placing in box with per- 

 forated lid. Use soap. 



gus becomes active with the swelling of 

 the buds, spores entering and attacking 

 the young developing leaves before they 

 issue from the buds. Control measures 

 must be undertaken before the buds 

 begin to crack open. Spraying either 

 in the fall or early spring will give good 

 control. If the trees were not sprayed 

 last fall an application of lime sulphur 

 should be made in the very near future 

 or it will be too late. Lime sulphur 1-10 

 should be used. At this strength San 

 Jose scale will be controlled and much 

 good will result in checking the de- 

 velopment of the blight. 



This latter disease attacks all parts 

 of the trees, spurs, twigs and branches 

 as well as the fruit, causing a very 

 noticeable exudation of gum. The 

 fungus causes reddish brown cankers, 

 which gradually become so numerous 

 as to girdle and kill the twigs and limbs 

 of the trees. For complete control of 

 this disease the trees should be sprayed 

 at least three times during the season. 

 Spray again after the petals fall with 

 atomic sulphur, 10 pounds to 100 gal- 

 lons water, and again before the fall 

 rains come with bordeaux mixture at 

 the rate of 6-6-50. 



Spray for Peach Leaf Curl 



The most injurious diseases of peach 

 occurring in the Hood River Valley are 

 peach leaf curl and California peach 

 blight — both of these troubles are 

 readily controlled by proper spraying. 

 Of the two diseases, the leaf curl is the 

 most noticeable. The fungus attacks 

 the foliage, causing the leaf tissues to 

 become puffed and warty and which 

 drop from the trees during June and 

 July. When an extreme premature de- 

 foliation occurs much injury results to 

 the tree and the crop on the trees be- 

 comes practically worthless. This fun- 



Want a New Spray Law 

 Unlabeled spraying material and 

 sprays of the non-arsenical kind, both 

 of which are reached by the present 

 Washington horticultural laws only in 

 a vague and unsatisfactory way, came 

 up for consideration at the recent meet- 

 ing of the Washington Insecticide Board 

 at the State College, and, acting on the 

 evidence in hand, the board decided to 

 recommend to the present legislature 

 certain Amendments to the law which 

 will serve as a protection to fruit 

 growers using various spray prepa- 

 rations. 



Dr. A. L. Melander, secretary of the 

 board, states that in order to make the 

 law more inclusive and applicable to 

 recent conditions that have arisen, the 

 board recommends legislative passage 

 of a law requiring, first, that every 

 package or container of spraying mate- 

 rial offered for sale in Washington be 

 labeled; second, the label to show the 

 name, brand or trademark under which 

 it is sold, the purpose for which the 

 material is to be used, directions for its 

 application, the name and principal 

 address of the manufacturer or person 

 responsible for placing such commodity 

 on the market; third, a correct state- 

 ment of the character and name of each 

 insecticidal or fungicidal ingredient 

 used, and the minimum percenfum of 

 such active ingredient and the maxi- 

 mum percentum of inert ingredients in 

 the package. 



It is explained that the present law 

 applies mainly to arsenical sprays, but 

 does not effectively apply to lime sul- 

 phur, oil emulsion, nicotine and other 

 non-arsenical sprays; also, in the letter 

 reading of the law, the manufacturer 

 of spraying material may offer almost 

 anything for sale, so long as he does 

 not label it. 



