ipip 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 13 



A Spray Program for the Northwest Apple Orchards 



By Leroy Childs, Entomologist and Plant Pathologist, Hood River Experiment Station 



rEditor's Note— At the request of many or- conditions whlch exist at Hood River beginning to show. For the control of 



ag"n' pubi*hinf «us "spray°''pro^am"whfc''h rains can be expected until about the San Jose scale and oyster shell scale 



appeared in the April, 1918, issue of Better first of July. Two applications a month lime-sulphur used 1-8 will be found less 



i~"^"'-5 are necessary to keep the foliage and expensive and more effective, provided 



THE accompanying spray calendar developing fruits coated, so that if the rainy weather follows the application, 

 is so arranged that it will ade- delayed dormant stage is reached by If the lime-sulphur is used as an early 

 quately cover the needs of the April 1, which often happens, it would dormant application (before the buds 

 orchardist in most of the apple-growing be necessary to make five applications swell) use Black Leaf for brown aphis 

 sections of the Pacific Northwest. It of a fungicide in order to obtain com- control in Spray No. 2. 

 must be understood that this is not a plete protection. If, on account of de- 2. Delayed Dormant Spray. The de- 

 blanket recommendation, for there are layed plant development, this is applied layed dormant spray is primarily a scab 

 indeed but few localities that would April 15, four applications will be - spray. Protection is needed at this time 

 demand all of these applications of effective, and should this be delayed as spores of the fungus are being dis- 

 spray listed in order to effect control of until May 1, as was the case in Hood charged in large numbers from the old 

 the different apple pests. The orchard- River in 1917, three applications in fallen leaves. In orchards where the 

 ist must determine first, the pests that many cases gave excellent results. brown aphis is troublesome (the insect 

 must be controlled in his orchard, and Discussions of Different Applications ^vhich causes the small, knotty clusters 

 secondly in his procedure, with the as- . .. .,. „ , J , of apples), tobacco (nicotine sulphate) 

 sLtance of his local adviser determine ^" connection with the different ap- 1.1200 should be added. Compared with 

 whether ea onarconditTons w ™ant P'^^^"""^ .8'^^" '^ the calendar there p,,t ^^ars, we have made a reduction 

 the alterations of the program. The are a few important factors tha should j^ ,he strength of lime-sulphur to be 

 c^Lndar Dresenled is arranged to meet ^e discussed somewhat at length; lack ^^^^ ^^^y f„,.ther experimental evi- 

 max?mum adversUies from tie stand- "f ^P'''^'' prevents this in the tab es. jence will probably permit the making 

 Tint Tweathef conditions and p^^^^ F°'- »''' '''^' "^ elearness, a discussion ^f ter dilutions for this application 

 rveonLnrwUh a resit th^t IS "^ '^"^^^ application follows, the para- !„ orchards where lime and sulphur 

 S s^son's decidera terahons mav ^''^Ph """^ber corresponding with the ^as been regularly used in the control 

 e necessaiv In ^e alteration of tlTese ^P'^^' ""'"^^r given in the calendar. ^f jg ..^b for several years, mildew 

 arrargedspVavstl^e advice of an expert ^- dormant Spray. The 01 apphca- ;, incidentally kept in check by this 

 aiiangeaspra>s me duvice 01 ail cMi,ii dormant spray and is only fungicide The trouble is usuallv more 

 orchard investigator should be obtained „.^-„j ■„ orchards where the leaf 'une'CJae. tne trouDie is usually more 

 if nnssihlp aavisea in oicnaras wneie uie itai pronounced in young unsprayed or- 

 Seasonal development is the most im- roller is present. When used for this ^.^a^ds or in sections where lime- 

 5>easonal ae\eiopmeni is uie must im j^gggt jt ,5 incidentally effective in con- c,,ir,hur has not been extensivelv em- 

 portant factor in making the necessary j,.^,,i-^„ u„,u c„„ jose scale and brown *V'P""' ^^^ "°J ''^*^" extensively em 

 !,ii„..ot;^r,c in nn,- <:r.rnv <;rbpHiilp ti ouing Dom aan jose stale aim ui own ployed. In orchards where the disease 

 alterations in any spra> sci^u'e. j^j However, under Northwestern f^ nrevalent it can be more sneciallv 

 Usually a late spring is a decided ad- „*^n^i,ionc rains followina the aDolica- I P'^^* ' " ^^" ^f moi e specially 

 „„r,»o«o tr. tViP nrohnrdist from the conaiiions, rains ioiio\\ iiig lilt appuea brought under control by adding iron 

 J.nHnoint of^he nnmber of soravs that **«" ^^ ^P''^^ ^^'^""." ^^'ee o five days, .^j ^ide mixture 10-100 to the lime- 

 standpoint of the number ot sprays tnat J efi"ectiveness is greatly reduced. ...inhur The fnnans which causes 



TMs ?s\sn'e'c?an;^true Vnlh c^onhTof Warm, settled weather conditions are ^^Z^v n^dew^bfgins'acti'vit^es" ^ 



Tpp escT In ordrL completely p^ absolutely essential to insure the leaf ^on as the foliage appears in the 



tect the orchard from the disease it is roller eggs being destroyed by the oil. spring, and demands the same attention 



necessary to keep the foliage protected The best results have been obtained by in controlling it as does apple scab, 



from the delayed dormant stage until waiting until the buds are well swollen 3. Pink Spray. The pink spray is em- 



the spring rains are over. Under the and the tips of the first leaves are just ployed chiefly for the control of apple 



Spray Program for Northwest Apple Orchards 



Application Insect and Plant Disease Material and Time of Application 



1 n t <;r,.-..« Leaf roller Fo'" f'^ I^^f roller, miseible oil, 6 to 100. 



1. uormant opiay. Brown aphis. Use only in orchards where leaf roller control is desired or where San Jose 



San .lose scale. scale is serious. Apply as late as possible in the spring, under warm, settled 



bvster shell scale. weather conditions. 



(See discussion for Spray 1.) 



o Tioiovprl rinim-iiit Snrav Anple Scab For scab, lime-sulphur 32°. 1 to 25.* 



2. Delayed Do.mant Spraj. Appie J^j-j-J^-^- • • • P^^ mildew, add iron sulphide mixture, 10 to 100. 



Brown aphis For brown aphis, add tobacco (nicotine sulphate) 1 to 1200. Apply at time the 



first leaves are unfolding about the bud clusters on the fruit spurs. 

 (See discussion for Spray 2.) 



•? Pfnli Snrav Apnle scab For scab, lime-sulphur 32°, 1 to 30. 



3. Fink spray. Appie^scau ^^^ mildew, add iron sulphide mixture, 10 to 100. 



Bud irioth .. For bud moth, add arsenate of lead, 4 to 100 (powder 2 to 100). Do not apply 



until the fruit buds stand separated in the clusters (Figure 2). 

 (See discussion for Spray 3.) 



4. Calyx Spray. Apple scab For scab lime-sulphur 32% 1 to 35. 



Mildew For mildew, add iron sulphide, 10 to 100. 



Codling moth For codling moth, add arsenate of lead, 4 to 100. Apply as soon as petals fall. 



(See discussion for Spray 4.) 



5 Ten-Dav Spray. Apple scab For scab, lime-sulphur 32°. 1 to 40. 



Mildew For mildew, add iron sulphide mixture, 10 to 100. Apply 10 to 15 days follow- 

 ing calyx application. (See discussion for Spray 5.) 



6. Thirty-Day Spray. Apple scab For scab, lime-sulphur 32°, 1 to 50; or self-boiled lime-sulphur, 6-6-50.t 



Codling moth (if present) . . . For codling moth, add arsenate of lead, 4 to 100. 



Green aphis ) For green and woolly aphis, add tobacco, 1 to 1200. Apply 30 days follow ing 



Woolly aphis j the calyx application. (See discussion for Spray 6.) 



7. July Spray.' (Advisable in certain sections for) 



Codling moth For codling moth, add arsenate of lead, 4 to 100. 



Green aphis ) For green and w oolly aphis, add tobacco, 1 to 1200. In applying this spray con- 

 Woolly aphis ! suit w ith your nearest expert. (See discussion for Spray 7.) 



8. Third Codling Moth Spray. Codling moth For codling moth, add arsenate of lead, 4 to 100. 



Late "^scaT *" ] ^°'' anthracnose and late scab, add bordeaux mixture, 3-1-50. t 



Woolly "aphis ".'.'.'.'.'.".'.'.' .'.'.'.. For woolly aphis, add tobacco, 1 to 1200. , ^ , . , j,. 



Date of application can only be told by seasonal development of codling 

 moth through breeding cage s'tudies. Get in touch with nearest entomological 

 investigator. (See discussion for Spray 8.) 



9. Fall Spray. Anthracnose For anthracnose, bordeaux mixture, 6-6-50. Apply as soon as fruit is harvested. 



* If lime-sulphur does not test 32°, see accompanying tabic for the proper dilution. 



t Write Oregon Agricultural College for particulars in the preparation of self-boiled lime-sulphur. 



i Three pounds bluestone, four pounds lime, fifty gallons water. 



