Page 26 



BETTER FRUIT 



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January 



next the pit or near the stem end is 

 found to be dark colored as if attacked 

 by a true rot. The discoloration may 

 be slight or may be so extensive as to 

 include the entire flesh, but the trouble 

 begins in the interior of the flesh and 

 not at the skin in most of the speci- 

 mens I have seen, and for this reason 

 cannot be confused with the true brown 

 rot, which begins with an infection in 

 the skin and progresses inward. The 

 internal browning is not due to any 

 parasite, but seems to be in some way 

 connected with hot, dry weather late 

 in the season. While conclusive evi- 

 dence is not at hand I have a suspicion 

 that a rainy spell following drouth may 

 be the immediate cause, there being a 

 possibility that the sudden supply of 

 moisture to the fruit may rupture the 

 tissues nearest the stem and the pit and 

 cause the breaking down of the flesh 

 in this way. I have had very little of 

 this condition called to my attention 

 this year from the Willamette Valley 

 district, but in some years it has caused 

 much loss only not there but also 

 farther south. 



In spite of the absence of scientific 

 work on these non-parasitic troubles 

 of prune fruit, I think we may feel cer- 

 tain that for the most part they are 

 attributable either to excessive evapo- 

 ration and insufficient moisture supply 

 at the time the "peak" demand comes 

 or to a sudden change from extremely 

 dry to moist conditions of the soil and 

 air. If this be true the only thing tlie 

 grower can do is by every means within 

 his power to promote in his orchard 

 conservation of moisture and uni- 

 formity and steadiness of growth. The 

 orchardist cannot control the rain and 

 sunshine, but he can promote a better 

 physical condition of the soil for root 

 development and root activity not only 

 by wise and careful cultivation but by 

 growing deep-rooted cover crops to 

 perforate compacted soil and to add the 

 nitrogen and humus which so many of 

 our soils lack, but without which maxi- 

 mum water-holding capacity of the soil 

 and maximum fertility cannot be ob- 

 tained. Irrigation skillfully managed is 

 the greatest resource many prune grow- 

 ers have, but with all but a few — a very 

 rare few — it is an entirely undeveloped 

 resource. I am going to predict a rapid 

 increase in the irrigation of prune 

 orchards in the state in the next few 

 years and it will be a good thing, biit 

 irrigation must be understood intelli- 

 gently if its application does not bring 

 on other troubles. 



Since I could not tell you how to pre- 

 vent absolutely and positively the 

 troubles I was asked to discuss, I have 

 tried to call your attention to the pos- 

 sible causes that by a better under- 

 standing of them you may be able, 

 through a study of your own individual 

 orchards, to put into practice methods 

 which will help your trees to meet the 

 critical periods more successfully than 

 in the past. I take ofl" my hat to the 

 orchardist who makes the growing of 

 prunes his business and does not leave 

 it all to his helpless trees and nature — 

 that is, I take off my hat to him if he 

 knows his business. 



WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



