ipip 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 13 



made on the branch. When the bud is 

 solidly in place, the upper portion of 

 the bud wood should be cut ofT trans- 

 versely so that the wood will fit down 

 tightly upon the stock. The stock is 

 then wrapped carefully with raffia, be- 

 ginning below the bud at the bottom of 

 the T cut and working uiiward, taking 

 care not to cover the bud itself, but 

 wrapping securely about Hie top of the 

 T. A good square knot, ch'awn tight, 

 should be used. As soon as tlie bud has 

 "stuck," which will usualh l)e in about 

 two weeks, the raffia should be cut in 

 order that it may not girdle the branch 

 and kill the bud. 



Spring budding is often done soon 

 after the sap has begun to How by using 

 buds from sticks cut and koiit in a dor- 

 mant condition until time of setting. 



Figure 3. — A tree parUy top-worked. Next year 

 the job will be completed. 



When it is desired to work over apple 

 or pear wood two or three years of age, 

 whip grafting is frequently used. Whip 

 grafting is performed by making a 

 smooth, straight diagonal cut across the 

 branch to be grafted. Tlien a split of 

 about an inch down through the center 

 of the limb completes the cutting. The 

 scion to be grafted upon this branch 

 should be of last year's wood cut when 

 the buds are entirely dormant and pre- 

 pared for grafting by making a diagonal 

 cut similar to the cut made on the stock. 

 The stock and scion should be carefully 

 fitted together, so that the cambium 

 layers of the stock and scion may coin- 

 cide at least upon one side. Unless the 

 cambium layers touch at some point the 

 graft will not be successful. Two or 

 three buds are left upfin the scion. 



Finally the scion is either waxed care- 

 fully or is wrapped with waxed muslin 

 or waxed string. This grafting may be 

 done in the early spring from a time 

 shortly before the sap begins to flow 

 until the buds have begun to open. 



Large Trees: Often it becomes nec- 

 essary to work over an old tree in order 

 to change the variety or to fill in the 

 top after some accident. A sleet or 

 snow storm may take a valuable limb 

 out of the top. Grafting is the only 

 way by which this condition can be 

 remedied. 



On the large trees budding is very 

 seldom used. Here and there on a one- 

 year-old sucker or limb, l)udding may 

 be used to try out a new variety or for 

 purposes of cross-pollination. 



Cleft and bark grafting are the 

 methods used for top working pome 

 and stone fruits. The cleft graft is 

 more popular for the apple and pear, 

 while the bark graft is used more fre- 

 quently for the stone fruits, except 

 l)eaches. The apple and pear lend 

 themselves best to cleft grafting be- 

 cause the wood is so tough that it 

 s])rings back upon the scion and holds 

 it firmly in place. The cherry and 

 l)rune are sometimes cleft grafted with 

 fair success, but the wood is more 

 easily split and does not hold the scion 

 so well as does apple and pear wood. 

 Consequently, the bark graft is more 

 popular for the stone fruits. The bark 

 graft is best for healing over large cuts 

 on both stone and pome fruits. 



Cleft Grafting: The equipment needed 

 for cleft grafting consists of a fine-tooth 

 hand saw, a grafting tool made of steel 

 and equipped with a blade for making 

 the split cut and a wedge for holding 

 open this cut, a wooden mallet or a 

 hammer, a small sack to hold the scions, 

 ;md some grafting wax. If the weather 

 is cold, the grafting wax should he in 

 liquid form and must be kept hot in 

 what is called a grafting pot. The 

 essential features of these grafting pots 

 are an alcohol lamp set in the bottom 

 of a small bucket with holes made for 

 draft and above a basin placed in the 

 top of the pail to hold the melted graft- 

 ing wax. Melted wax should be put on 

 with a brush. In making the cleft graft, 

 limbs of from one-half to two and one- 

 half inches in diameter are chosen. 

 These limbs are cut squarely across 

 with a saw and the edges smoothed 

 with a knife. The splitting tool is next 

 brought into play and driven down 

 into the center of the limb by blows 

 from the mallet. A cut from an inch 

 and a half to two inches long is made 

 in this way. The splitting tool is then 

 removed and the wedge of the tool is 

 inserted near the center of the limb if 

 it is a large one or at the side if it is 

 small. The wedge is driven deep 

 enough so that the scions may he placed 

 at the edges of the cleft. Scions for 

 grafting are chosen from the central 

 portion of the one-year-old wood where 

 the wood is mature and the buds are 

 plump. Two or three buds are left on 

 each scion. The scion is shaped by 

 cutting a thin long wedge, starting on 

 each side of the lowest bud, so that the 

 buds will face outward when the scion 



NO RISK 



Your orchard is your business. Its 

 care is important. The more you 

 know about it the more certain the 

 success. Knowledge is power in the 

 orchard business as in everything 

 , else. You cannot afford to take 

 chances with tree sprays. 



'ORCHARD'' Brand 



Arsenate of Lead Paste 



AND 



''ORCHARD" Brand 



Dry Powdered Arsenate of Lead 



are the only tree sprays you would 

 buy if you chemically analyzed all 

 brands and knew all the facts. 



They are the only sprays you would 

 buy if you were not influenced by 

 the self-interest of others. 



They are the only sprays to buy to 

 insure a crop — can you afford to 

 to take chances? 



"ORCHARD" brand Dry Powdered 

 Arsenate of Lead is recommended 

 because it is double the strength of 

 the paste. 



We are not alone manufacturers of 

 Arsenate of Lead; we are partners 

 in your business to the extent that 

 we must deliver you the tree spray 

 materials that will get results. 



Dry Powdered Arsenate of Lead is 

 a finely divided powder that mixes 

 readily with water and remains in 

 good suspension when diluted in 

 the spray tank. 



We know of no spray equal to Dry 

 Powdered Arsenate of Lead to con- 

 trol Codling Moth and similar in- 

 sects. Use two pounds to a 100 

 gallons of water. 



"ORCHARD" brand Standard Ar- 

 senate of Lead (paste) is manufac- 

 tured on the Pacific Coast, under 

 Western conditions, for Western 

 fruit trees. It does not contain less 

 than 15% Arsenic Oxide, not to ex- 

 ceed 50% water, and not to exceed 

 0.5% soluble arsenic. 



Long experience in manufacturing 

 Arsenate of Lead for tree spraying 

 on this Coast, and a constant obser- 

 vation of the results obtained by its 

 use, enables us to produce a soft, 

 creamy paste, by chemical and me- 

 chanical processes, that does the 

 work as you want it done.; ^rx.'* RS^'If 



"General Chemical Company 



Dept. G 

 Royal Insurance Building 



SAN FRANCISCO 



WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



