ipi6 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 21 



upon the present improvement of pack- 

 ing and storage service. The Fruit 

 Growers' Agency will make a sys- 

 tematic study of the relative merits of 

 the packs of the small individual grow- 

 ers and of the community packs. By 

 community pack we mean the pack put 

 up by a number of growers, three or 

 more acting together. Packs put up in 

 this way will of necessity be more 

 nearly uniform than those put up by 

 individuals acting independently. The 

 system will permit a specialization in 

 the division of labor or the employ- 

 ment of more expert assistants in the 

 work of packing and will increase the 

 rapidity of handling. Another big 

 advantage of the co-operative plan is 

 the economy. Now look here. Suppose 

 five men invest two thousand dollars 

 each in a packing house and packing 

 eciui])ment for handling their own indi- 

 vidual fruit. .Suppose five other men 

 go together and erect one i)acking 

 house and buy one set of equipment. 

 The cost to the five growers under the 

 former plan is •'SIO.OOO. To the five 

 growers under the second plan it is 

 .1^2.000. Of course the larger growers 

 may own their own individual ware- 

 house and packing equipment, but it is 

 a charge on the industries that the 

 business of the small grower will not 

 stand. The ado])tion of a uniform 

 sales-account system will enable the in- 

 vestigator to see at a glance the condi- 

 tion of the business. Heretofore, the 

 radically different systems of recording 

 the account sales made it difficult, if 

 not impossible, to arrive at an under- 

 standing of the condition. This infor- 

 mation is necessary to the success of 

 uniform marketing plans and it is 

 hoped that the uniform account-sales 

 plan will be accepted by a large ma- 

 jority of growers and distributors. A 

 careful study will be made of the fruit 

 from the time it leaves the tree until it 

 reaches the consumer, and every 

 effort will be made to lit properly to 

 go into the best and most proiltable 

 market." 



Zillah, Washington, has a cold- 

 storage plant with a capacity of COO 

 cars. 



Walla Walla, Washington, reports 

 ver\ little damage from the frost. 



Nice Bright Western Pine 



FRUIT BOXES 



AND CRATES 



Good standard grades. Weil made. Quick sillpments. 

 Carloads or less. Get our prices. 



Western Pine Box Sales Co. 



SPOKANE, WASH. 



Y OUR SE ED DEALER RECOMMENDS 



VH^ T/-/£ STANDflRD INOCULATION^ 



Hr- knuws It Means Ctop Inautanc fui AllsUa, 

 Vetch, Clover, and all other IrgumM- Bigger 

 iind nther crops for less money and lalwr 



Ask liim about it or write to U3. Dept 127 foi 

 "The Legume Grower" FREE 



EARF-THOMAS FARMOCERM CO. 



Washington State Fair 



SEPTEMBER 18-23, 1916 



Liberal premiums offered for Horticultural and other exhibits. 



Attractions of all kinds. 



Ferullo's Band, of Chicago, will play two concerts daily. 



Reduced rates on all lines. 



FRANK MEREDITH, Secretary, North Yakima 



Send for Premium List 



The Prospects for Wormy Apples 



[Experiment Station, Pullman, Washington] 



THE season 1915 was generally con- 

 sidered a "worm year." Because of 

 a concurrence of several factors more 

 apples than usual were wormy at 

 harvest and correspondingly more 

 woi'ms than usual went into winter 

 ([Litirteis. Ordinarily the winter mor- 

 tality of the codling moth is excessive, 

 as is obviously apparent when we con- 

 siiler how few apples become wormy 

 ca]l> in the season year after year. The 

 past winter, however, although severe, 

 did not manifest the alternate freezing 

 and thawing which is most fatal to the 

 codling moth. In many localities a 

 snow blanket held over into spring to 

 protect the worms in the ground. 

 .\ccordingly the codling moth has been 

 transforming in numbers, and in the 

 warmer valleys the first brood of 

 worms is showing up to a startling 

 extent. First-brood worms should be 

 destroyed by every means possible, de- 

 clares Dr. A. L. Melander, Entomolo- 

 gist of the Washington Experiment 

 .Station. A codling moth pioduccs forty 

 some eggs and as in many districts a 

 partial third generation exists which 

 is at least as numerous as the second 

 generation, every worm destroyed 

 early in the season carries with it the 

 destruction of dozens of others. 



Owing to the habit of the majoritv 

 of codling worms to enter the fruit 

 through the calyx cavity the importance 

 of proper calyx spraying immediately 

 after blossoming cannot be overstated. 

 This spraying is effective for the last 

 worms of the season as well as for the 

 first, but does not help much in dc- 

 slroxing the minority of worms which 

 seek to enter api)les through the sides. 

 The relatively few worms which have 

 (his habit must be reached by a series 

 cif cover sprayings, but because of a 

 peculiar instinct of the newly-hatched 

 worms covei- sprays are never 100 

 pel' cent effective. When a worm bites 

 inio (he api)le skin it rejects, without 

 swallowing, the tough epidermis. Onlv 

 accidentally then does il swallow any 

 piilson, for its mouth becomes pretty 

 well cleaned by the rejected bilings. 

 Owing to this habit many worms can 

 work through even the Tuost complete 

 of cover coatings. It seems, further- 

 more, practically impossible to coal 

 ever>' portion of every apple, so that 

 main' worms gain free entrance into 

 (he fiuil. It is such escaping worms 



which cause destruction by multiply- 

 ing into a second and a third brood. 



A cover spraying is considered efTec-' 

 live for three or four weeks. If the 

 first cover spraying was timed too 

 early so that after weeks many worms 

 are still entering the fruit, another 

 aijplication should be given, but if it 

 was properly timed it is unnecessary 

 to repeat this spraying. The exact 

 strength of the spray is no t so im- 

 portant as the time and the method of 

 ai)plication. Five pounds of paste arse- 

 nate of lead to two hundred gallons 

 will answer as well as double that 

 n,uantit\-. The cover sprayings may be 

 su|)plemented by banding, in which 

 case the bands should be cleaned every 

 two weeks. But by all means thin for 

 wormy fruit, and destroy the pickcd- 

 olT fruit. If the potentialities of 

 neglected first-brood worms were real- 

 ized the rancher could well afford to 

 give a premium for wormy fruit when 

 thinning. 



Except for a few abnormal preco- 

 cious worms the onset of the first- 

 brood worms this year dated June 5 at 

 Kennewiek, .lune 10 at North Yakima 

 and .lune 15 at Wenatchee. For one 

 month following these dates the first 

 brood of worms is hatching, after 

 which a lull of a couple of weeks can 

 be expected before the beginning of the 

 second biood. Preceding this lull it is 

 useless to spray. The date for the 

 second-brood spraying can be easily 

 determined by trapping the earliest 

 first-brood worms as they emerge from 

 the fruit, as, for exami)le, by a strip of 

 burlap tied around the tree trunks. 

 Allowing two weeks for the cocooh 

 stage and two weeks more for the eggs 

 to be i)roduced and hatched and the 

 date for the summer spraying is known. 

 .Summer spraying should be repeati'd at 

 iiilervals of one month to provide for 

 sirtlchiiig of Ihc fruit and rubbing off 

 of the spr;i.\'. 



('olorado reported a temperature as 

 low as 1!) in some sections of the drand 

 Valley, causing severe losses. II is 

 slate<l, however, that where growers 

 siimdged extensively that very satisfac- 

 loiy results were obtained. 



The first box of cherries shipped by 

 F. B. McKevitt & Co., California, .sold 

 in Chicago for .$100. 



\VI[i:V WRITINC. AtlVF.RTISERS MENTION BKTTF-R FRUIT 



