BETTER FRUIT 



AN ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN. PROGRESSIVE FRUIT GROWING AND MARKETING , 



Spray Formulas for 1917 



By A. L. Melander, Entomologist, Washington Agricultural Experiment Station, Pullman, Washington 



THERE is no single spraying that place almost immediately. Stir a few Dissolve the soap in hot water, add 

 will kill everything. Select the minutes until dissolved. The concen- the nicotine and dilute, 

 ones that fit your case. Many plant trate may be diluted according to A similar decoction can be made by 

 diseases and pests cannot be controlled hydrometer test, but nearly twice as soaking 50 pounds of dried tobacco 

 by spraying and require special treat- much should be used as in the case of plants in 100 gallons of water for 24 

 ments. 'For information about insects, lime-sulphur. For example, if the con- hours, stirring frequently. Strain and 

 pests plant diseases and spraying write centrate tests 24 degrees use 20 gallons dilute the solution obtained with an 

 to the Experiment Station," Pullman, (instead of 10.2) to make 100 gallons of equal amount of water and add the re- 

 Washington. The advice is free. dormant spray. quired soap. Such home-made spray is 



Use as dormant spray for same pests variable in nicotine content and will 



1. LIME-SULPHUR ^^ lime-sulphur. Unsafe during grow- not keep. 



Ground sulphur 110 pounds • ^.po^nn Use: The standard summer spray for 



Fresh calcium stone lime. . 50 pounds iiig acaauii. „l„„t i:„„ io„f >,r,nnor<! 



Water to make 50 gallons , PTCiii OTI SOAP aphids or plant lice, leat hoppers, 



„, , ,. ,. ... .„ „ „„„, u„, "*• *i»"-"^^ »"^*^ orchard mites, thrips and young worms. 



Slake the lime with 10 gallons hot water 20 gallons 



water. Stir in the sulphur and add the Lye or potash, 98% I ^aiionl ''• PYRETHRUM: HELLEBORE 



remainder of the water. Boil briskly '^ °' Pyrcthrum powder or white 



until the sulphur is dissolved (about 45 Boil the water, dissolve the lye in heUebore^powder i pound^ 



minutes) stirring continuously and it and stir in the oil. Boil for two '"']■" -.u a h 



keeping the cooker covered. As the hours. This should make about 130 Make a paste of either powder by 



liquid boils down add water to keep to pounds of gelatinous soap. stirring in a little boiling water add the 



the original level, men finished let Use (a) as an emulsifier or oil remaining water and let s and for 24 



any remaining sediment settle. Use only sprays, (b) to increase the effectiveness hours. Then dilute to about to gallons, 



the clear liquid, which may be stored of nicotine spray, (c) dissolved 1 The efliciency of this sp. ay is in- 



if kept from the air. Prepared in this pound to about 5 gallons of water as a creased by adding a solution of 1 pound 



way lime-sulphur should have a hydro- contact spray for soft-bodied insects of soap. Either powder may be dusted 



meter reading of about 26 degrees, like aphids, young scales, thnps, on dry. r. u i- , • , i-i . 



Beaume, somewhat weaker than the tender plants. The addition of quassia Use: For soft-bodied insects like 



factory-made product is unnecessary. Laundry soap may be currant worms, or slugs, especially on 



For" use any concentrated lime- substituted for fish-oil soap. small fruits ready for picking, 



sulphur may be diluted according to 4 CRUDE-OIL EMULSION 8. ARSENATE OF LEAD 



the following table: Boiling water 8 gallons Arsenate of lead, paste 1 pound 



To makeiOOgals. spray use: Lye or potash ........... .3 pounds Water 40 to 50 gallons 



Fordorn^ant Forsu^nur Fish-oil soap (Formula 3) . .20 pounds ^^^ newly-hatched insects it is not 



Hydrometer test (i ib'^siiiphur (1 lb sumhur Dissolve in order named to form the necessary to use it stronger. For old 

 na.°C."'"'Tec°fl'c »p'V'S2, .^'J.fm emulsifier; then with vigorous agita- or hirge insects use double the quantity, 

 Be«,me Gravity 3%f«""»' ' ^° ?""r' tiou, slowly add 20 gallons of crude or ,„ore. Smooth the pa.ste thoroughly 

 32 1.2788 7.2 " 3.6 " (not fuel) Oil. The resulting miscible ^^-^^^ ^ ^^^gj, amount of water before 

 30 1.2569 7.8 ;; 3.9 ;; oil may be poured in the spray tank and putting in the spray tank. Arsenate of 

 i 1:2153 9:1 " 4.7 " with the agitator running fill with j^^^^j powder is twice as strong as the 

 24 1.1955 10.2 ;; 5.1 ;; water to 200 gallons. ,e Dq not use arsenate that feels 

 20 1.15,8 12.3 6.2 jj j^ niuch more dependable to use ^^..^^^, ^j. ^^^^^ ^^jjles rapidly. 

 Use as dormant spray when buds are the ready-made miscible oils on the Arsenite of zinc powder or paris 

 swelling, for San Jose scale, oyster-shell market, which should be diluted ac- ^pgen are about four times as strong 

 scale, insect and mite eggs, bud-worm cording to the directions furnished on ^^ paste lead. They are especially valu- 

 and twig borer. Concentrated lime- the container. Orchard Brand Oil, ^^^^ f^j. resistant insects like tent eater- 

 sulphur mixed with lime whitewash is Scalecide National Soluble Oil and Dor- pjUgrs, tussock worms and beetles, but 

 useful to coat tree trunks for rabbits mant Soluble Oil have given us good j^^^y scorch in a damp season. If paris 

 and borers. In summer strength for results against San Jose scale. green is used as a liquid spray add 5 

 orchard mites. Also a valuable fungi- Use as a doriiiant spray recommended pounds of fresh slaked lime to each 

 cide for mildews, apple anthracnose, where lime-sulphur has proved unsatis- pound of poison, 

 apple scab, peach leaf-curl and lichens, factory. Not an efficient fungicide. ^j^g. -j-j^e standard poison for coat- 



2. SODA-SULPHUR 5. KEROSENE EMULSION ing foliage or fruit as a protection 



The dry powdered forms of soda- Pf^'roiTsoap' i Formula 3): :y' pmlnir cod)ing-wonI'cherrrs^ug,etc!^ 



sulphur on the market such as Spra- Boiling water i gallon ^^^^ ^^« .sap-sucking insects Hke aphids, 



sulphur or Soluble Sulphur Compound, q^j ,j^e soap in slices if hard, boil scales orchard mites, or leaf hoppers, 



may be dissolved in water at the rale ^^^j;, dissolved and churn the hot suds ' o^.cr^xicr. raitq 



of about 50 pounds to 100 gallons, when j„j„ (j^^ kerosene, away from the fire. 9- POISONED BAIIS 



'hey^give a spray comparing in poly- ^^.j^^^ emulsified stir into 35 gallons of "™". |;.>°?,Tnc"°arsenYteor'" "''"■"'' 



sulphid (the killing value) content with ^.^j^^^ f„r summer use. This spray has ^ white arsenic ... i pound 



dormant strength hme-sulphur. A sim- ,.,rgely been replaced by nicotine. j.. , ^^^ ^,.i,h either (a) 4 



liar spray may be prepared in liquid ,,.„. * pont-ict snrav for suckins ^' s^^^"," ^^"" «^""^'' ^f_' 



form as follows: insects like woolly aphid green aph"s ''^"'°»''' 8'""""d ".''■°"«'^. => "T^ "^"P" 



insects, liKe woouy apnia, gieeii apins, ^^, ^j^^ 1 or 2 quarts molasses; or 



Ground sulphur 1 1,4 pound plum aphis, etc. /^^ 1 r>r..iiiH colt Thpn ndil pnonch 



Potash or lye (Babbitt's)... 1 pound ' „ . ,r^ ^^' * POUncl salt. 1 nen d(I(I eiiougii 



Hot water % gallon 6. NICOTINE, OR TOBACCO SPRAYS water to form a mash and scat- 

 Add the ingredients to the hot water, t.'''^^';"'r""/„^''4"'r^'"l(1,"'rUo^^^^^ ^"'^ ^''*'''''*' required. Fresh horse 



1 .r I • . .• . 1 Fish-oil soap (Form. 3) .3 or 4 pounds momiro frop nf <:fraw mav be USed 



whereupon the chemical reaction takes water 125 gallons manuie, nee 01 sira\v, may ue uscu 



