Page 10 



BETTER FRUIT 



January 



mal our service ha^DeerL 

 one or pleasure /o our- 

 Se/uey andjati^/ac^'on to 

 our many pa&on^ i^ caufe 

 for mij/ua/ //lanAfgh 'ma. 



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''EFHCIENCY 



SanlVancisco 

 loj An^elej • Frejno Portland Seallle Salt lake Cily Honolulu 





Dust Spraying 



Address Delivered by F. A. Frazier Before State Horticultural Society, 

 Hood River, Oregon, December 11-13, 1916 



THE subject of Dust SiJiaying has 

 been under consideration and trial 

 for several years by one of the leading 

 experiment stations in the country, 

 namely, the Experiment Station of 

 Cornell University. This experimental 

 work was brought to a successful con- 



clusion with the closing of the season 

 of 1915. The season of 1916 marked the 

 first general use of this method in New 

 York State and in other fruit sections 

 of the East. The results, on the whole, 

 have been decidedly in favor of the 

 dusting method. 



In the use of lime and sulphur solu- 

 tion, it early became apparent to the 

 owner of an orchard of any conse- 

 quence that he was losing out in his 

 efforts to control scab. This was not 

 because lime and sulphur in itself had 

 failed, but because of conditions which 

 often prevented its application at 

 critical times. And it is because of 

 these conditions that Cornell under- 

 took to work out some means whereby 

 the New York orchards could be pro- 

 tected by something which permitted 

 a quicker application. The dusting 

 method is the result of that investiga- 

 tion and of succeeding years of trial 

 and demonstration. The importance of 

 this you may appreciate, for it was 

 only last year that you of Hood River 

 could not get into your own orchards 

 and apply the liquid spray which was 

 necessary, and the result was an almost 

 total loss of your crop. This had 

 occurred before and it may occur again. 

 It also occurs in the control of codling 

 moth when a spray must be applied 

 within a limited time in order to insure 

 protection. 



Several districts in the Northwest had 

 an example of this failure a year ago. 

 At that time many blamed the sprays 

 used, but we all know the blame was 

 not on the arsenate of lead, but in the 

 failure to apply it within the critical 

 time. It was found that the apparent 

 failure of the dusting method, as prac- 

 ticed several years ago, was attributable 

 to coarse and improperly prepared ma- 

 terials, and to ineflicient blowers. 

 A\Tien finer sulphur was used a greater 

 degree of success resulted; and when 

 a sulphur powder was produced, the 

 larger part of which would pass 

 through a 200-mesh screen, the results 

 approximated the best results .obtain- 

 able by the use of lime-sulphur solu- 

 tion. With the success in the use of the 

 finely-powdered sulphur against apple 

 scab came the use of combinations 

 with powdered arsenate of lead for the 

 control of the codling moth, and the 

 record is that the poison applied in 

 this way has given better results at a 

 far less cost than have ever been accom- 

 plished with liquid sprays. The com- 

 bination of sulphur with arsenate of 

 lead in the proportion of 857r sulphur 

 and 1.1% arsenate of lead powder has 

 met with favor. Then, in addition to 

 this, came the use of a finely-powdered 

 tobacco (lust, containing a considerable 

 per cent of nicotine, which supplies the 

 requirements which have been met by 

 nicotine sulphate, which is used in the 

 control of aphis and other insects. 

 Thus we have an all-around combina- 

 tion for summer spray in the dust form. 

 Now, I am not presenting this dust 

 proposition as a cure-all, nor as one 

 that obviates the necessity of intelli- 

 gent use or thorough application. These 

 are just as essential in the use of dust 

 as with liquid spray, but there are two 

 big advantages standing out pr<imi- 

 neiilly in the use of dust, — one, the time 

 element, or the quickness of applica- 

 tion; for one can do with the dust in 

 one <iay as nnich as can be done in 

 from five to seven days with the liquid 

 spray; and within this time element is 



Continued on page 30 



