Pazc 12 



BETTER FRUIT 



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Codling Moth Investigations for 1915 



By E. Leroy Childs, Experiment Station, Hood River, Oregon 



[Editor's Note. — The Editor desires to call 

 attention to the fact that these experiments and 

 reconimcndations apply to the codling moth 

 control as it exists in Hood River Valley, where 

 the codling moth is an easier pest to control on 

 account of the cool climate than it is in some 

 of the fruit sections of the Northwest where the 

 climate is exceedingly hot during the summer 

 months. While the codling moth has been con- 

 trolled by the Editor with three sprays, the 

 liditor iloes not wish lo have anyone under- 

 stand thai it is his opinion that three sprays 

 for codling moth will give results, either in 

 HcKid Hiver or in oilier fruit sections. Where 

 the liist brood of codling moth is extremely 

 bad, many districts have found it advisable to 

 follow the calyx spray with another in ten 

 days or two weeks. When the second brood is 

 paiticulaily bad some growers in some dis- 

 tricts have found it necessary to use, in addi- 

 tion lo this, two sprays for second brood, and 

 where there is a third or partial third brood 

 another S])ray later in the season just a short 

 time before harvesting. In fact, it seems to be 

 the opinion of growers in the various districts, 

 according to climatic conditions, the serious- 

 ness of the pest, etc., that all the way from 

 three lo five spiays will be necessary. More 

 will he said about spraying for codling moth 

 in future editions of "Better Fruit," in advance 

 of the period for spraying for codling moth.] 



THROUGHOUT the entire Northwest 

 the codling moth infcstiition was 

 very severe (luring 101.5, and the loss 

 to fruitgrowers in many sections w:is 

 vcrv lieavv. The Hood River Valley, 



as a whole, was much more fortunate 

 in this I'espect than some of the other 

 well-known apple-growing sections. In 

 some orchards, however, where care- 

 less methods of application and timing 

 of the arsenate sprays were practiced 

 the losses incurred, due to the worms, 

 reached a total of as high as 50 per 

 cent of the crop. 



The loss from this source in the val- 

 ley during lOl.'j was about twice that 

 of 1914, and unless more thorough 

 spraying is done during the coming sea- 

 son there is every reason to suppose 

 that the losses will he even greater. In 

 many orchards hibernating larvte are 

 very plentiful, and with favorable 

 weather conditions these will produce 

 a prolific first brood of worms next 

 spring with their attending serious fruit 



in.jury, unless poison is liberally used. 

 Owing to the fact that there was little 

 time available to devote to a thoroufih 

 stufly of the codling moth during l!ll.'), 

 a complete report relative to this insect 

 is not possible at this time. Our in- 

 vestigations carried on during the past 

 season have brought to light, however, 

 several interesting points which should 

 I)rove of value to the fruitgrowers. 



In outlining the experiments it 

 seemed advisable to determine at least 

 the three following points: 1. Does 

 arsenate of lead lose its efliciency when 

 used in combination with one or more 

 fungicides employed in controlling our 

 two most widespread diseases, scab and 

 mildew. 2. Will the "three-spray" 

 schedule control the codling moth in 

 orchards seriously infested. 3. Is the 

 cal,\x spray (debated by many Hood 

 River growers) essential in effecting 

 satisfactory control. 



Intiuiries often come to the station 

 relative to the advisability of mixing 

 arsenate of lead with the fungicides 

 that are used in controlling apple 

 diseases. In our investigations during 

 the past season we have used arsenate 

 of lead in combination with lime-sul- 

 phur and iron sulphide; lime-sulphur 

 and atomic sulphur; lime-sulphur and 

 barium tetra-sulphide and with milled 

 sulphur and bordeaux mixture. In no 

 case was the efficiency of the poison 

 decreased. 



Injury from spray burning to the 

 fruit and foliage was observed in some 

 (if the experiments, especially where 

 the first application had been delayeil 

 unlil the foliage growth was well ad- 

 vanced. In one of the experiments the 

 first apijlicalion, lime-sulphur l-,3.'i, iron 

 sulphide 2-1(10 and arsenate of lead 

 ,')-l()0 was not apijlied until the second 

 of ,Iune. The foliage on the trees in 

 this experiment, especially on the 

 southeast side was badly burned. The 

 fruit drop was very heavy on all of the 

 sprayed trees. Unfortunately but one 

 check was left — this tree held its fruit. 

 The I'csults, though not conclusive, in- 

 dicate that later spraying with this 

 combination is at least dangerous after 

 (he first of .lune. In an adjoining ex- 

 periment where this same combination 

 had been used in the calyx application 

 ten days later, and then the character- 

 istic lime-sulphur burn. 



During the past season several ex- 

 periments were carried on to deter- 

 mine if it were possible to eliminate 

 some of the earlier codling moth spra\s 

 in badh- infested orchards and still 

 obtain elTective control of the first gen- 

 eration of worms. The following com- 

 binations were tried out: First, calyx 

 application only; second, calyx, "10- 

 day" later and the ",30-day" applica- 

 tion; third, calyx and ".SO-day" appli- 

 cation; fourth, ".SO-day" only. The 

 crosses in the accompanying table indi- 

 cate the combination used. 



EXPERIMENTS TO DETERMINE SPRAYS NECESSARY FOR C.ODLINC. MOTH CONTROL. 



