Pa^c 1 6 



BETTER FRUIT 



Janiiarx 



Turn Apple 

 Waste to 

 Profit 



Many are Doing 

 It Now. 



START a paying business that grows almost 

 without effort. Thousands are making Big 

 Money turning apple waste into profits for their 

 neighbors by making Good Marketable Cider 

 from windfalls, culls, undergrades, etc. on 



Mount Gilead 

 Hydraulic Cider Presses 



Sizes 10 to 40U barrels daily. We also make cider evaporators 

 apple butter cookers. vinegar generators.filters, etc. Allmachin 

 ery is fully guaranteed. All power presses have steel 

 beams and sills. Write today for Catalog. i 



The Hydraulic Press Mfg. Co., 60 Lincoln Ave., Mount Gilead. Ohio 



Pacilir Coast Representatives 

 The Berger & Carter Co., 17th and Mississippi Sts., San Francisco, Cal. 



OUR MONEY MAKING BERRIES 



Reduce Your Living Expenses; Easy to Grow; Very Productive. 

 Promote Good Health, Happiness and Prosperity. Have Been Thorou- 

 ghly Tested in Every State and succeeded where others failed. 



AMBROSIA — The best and earliest Blackberry: large, sweet and very delicious. 



KING OF CLIFFS — Best of all black Raspberries; bears all summer and fall. 



EVERBEARING TREE — Largest of all everbearing red Raspberries; productive. 



STANDPAT — Largest and most productive of all the everbearing Strawberries. 



MARVELOUS and CACO — Largest, sweetest of all Grapes; enormously produc- 

 tive. 



OREGON CHAMPION and CARRIE — Best of all large varieties of Gooseberries. 



PERFECTION and DIPLOMA — Best of all red Currants; sure croppers and re- 

 liable. 



OUR SPECIAL 10 DAY OFFER 



We will mail one large plant each of the 10 vines for $1.00. Regular 

 price $1.50. 



Our Catalogue is Free; send for your copy today. Tells all about them and all other 

 standard varieties, witti prices that are very attractive. The Catalogue also describes 

 the "PONDEROSA PEACH," the great yellow free-stone peach. All standard varieties 

 of Apples, Plums, Cherries. Pears, hardy Nut trees. Shrubs, Roses, Garden Roots, and 

 evervthing tor the fruit grower. 



Large, well rooted trees and plants give satisfaction and quick results. 



ILLINOIS SEED AND NURSERY CO., 104 Main St., Makanda, Illinois 



/orWINTER SPRAYING 



Diamond A dry compound that quickly dissolves — 



Sora-SulDhUr and stays in solution. Will not clog or cut nozzles. Super- 

 f^ o (.» ior form of sulphur for destroying San Jose and other scale 



OOlUtlOn insects, and all fungus diseases controllable in the dormant 

 season. 



100 lbs. Spra-Sulphur (dry) equals a 600-pound 



barrel of lime-sulphur solution - aild xxo 

 freight to pay on the water. 



Scalecide The Best Miscible Oil Spray for San Jose 



Scale and soft-bodied sucking insects. Contains a powerful 

 fungicide. A dormant season spray. 



/or SUMMER SPRAYING- 



Corona Contains only Arsenic and lead oxides. No 



Arsenate of fiHers. Easy and quick to mix. Stays mixed longer and 



, . sticks better to branches, leaves and fruit than any other 



Lead arsenate. Always uniform strength. Cannot freeze, tlighest 



percentage killing power. No sediment, nolumps.no waste. 



Gould's 

 Spray Pumps 



We are general agents for the Gould Spray- 

 ers, guaranteed to be the best built, most lasting and of 

 the iiighest efficiency. They are the recognized standard. 

 Send for our special booklet, listing all kinds and giving 

 full data. 



Our 1917 l*'^ pages listing the best of everything for Home and Mar- 

 ^ . I ket Gardens, Orchards, Poultrymen and Bee Keepers— is a dependable ref- 



(.^aiaiOg erence and a safe guide to your purchases. Ask for Calalog No. 200 



COMPANY 



PORTLAND, OREGON 



it i.s only the .strong, vigorou.s buds on 

 shoots that are apt to make strong, 

 vigorous fruit spurs. Close observa- 

 tion in the orchard will reveal the fur- 

 ther fact that it is those portions of 

 the shoot that are most exposed to the 

 sunlight — namely, the upper and outer 

 portions — that develop strong, large 

 lateral buds. It naturally follows that 

 it is from these portions of the shoot 

 that most of the fruit spurs may be 

 expected to devolp; and, as a matter of 

 fact, do develop. 



With these points in mind let us see 

 how several of the more common prun- 

 ing practices modify or control the 

 formation of fruit spurs. First let us 

 consider the influence of winter head- 

 ing back of the shoot growth of the 

 past season — a practice constituting 

 well over fifty per cent of the pruning 

 afforded our orchard trees. The im- 

 mediate result is to remove the ter- 

 minal one-half or one-third of the 

 shoot — the one-half or one-third that 

 has most of the large, vigorous lateral 

 buds possessed by the entire shoot and 

 that normally would grow out into 

 fruit spurs. This leaves few buds from 

 which spurs may be expected to de- 

 velop, and this means that the major 

 part of the energies of the tree will be 

 expended in the development of new 

 shoots from the smaller and weaker 

 lateral buds that are left. Such shoots, 

 coming as they do from adjacent joints 

 or nodes, come into close competition 

 for light and air, crowd each other, and 

 grow out and up toward the light. This 

 in turn forces the formation of the 

 large plump buds that are to give rise 

 to \m fruit spurs of another season far 

 up or out on the shoots, where the liglit 

 supply is a little more abundant. Head- 

 ing back these new shoots the following 

 winter again removes a large percent- 

 age of the buds that otherwise might 

 develop into fruit spurs and stimulates 

 the formation of another crop of shoots 

 that again crowd each other, and with 

 the same general results. Heavy head- 

 ing back then tends to reduce greatly 

 the number of new fruit spurs — (1) 

 through the removal of buds that would 

 normally grow out into spurs; (2) 

 through forcing into shoot growth the 

 weak buds toward the base of the 

 shoots; (3) through leading to the 

 greater crowding of the new shoots and 

 thus weakening their lower buds and 

 pushing out still further (teiininally) 

 the area of the new shoot that develops 

 strong spur-producing buds. It requires 

 little study to see that a moderate or 

 a light heading back, while operating in 

 the same general direction, exerts a cor- 

 respondingly less powerful check upon 

 fruit-spur formation. 



Thinning out of shoots during the 

 dormant season, on the other hand, has 

 an etlect upon fruit-spur formation al- 

 most opposite from that of heading 

 back. It is true that thinning out re- 

 moves a number of the large well- 

 developed lateral buds that otherwise 

 might form fruit spurs; but the propor- 

 tion is not so great as in the case of a 

 heading back that is equally severe, 

 because most of such buds are located 

 Continued on page 20 



WHEN WRITI.NC .\DVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRCIT 



