Mr. Pennoyer: Our Mcintosh trees, 

 fifteen years old, this year averaged 

 eleven, twelve and thirteen boxes. 



Question: How many trees to the 

 acre? 



Mr. Pennoyer: One hundred. 



Professor Morris: ^^^lat time do your 

 trees blossom? 



Mr. Pennoyer: The Bitter Root Val- 

 ley comes in almost any old time from 

 the first of April to the first of June. 

 There is also great variation in the 

 time of the first killing frost. 



Professor Morris: Your season is 

 very short, from 100 to 160 days frost 

 free. 



Mr. Pennoyer: Our trees blossom as 

 late as the 10th of June and mature a 

 fine crop of apples. 



Mr. Van Marter, Opportunity, Wash- 

 ington: In thinning do you take blos- 

 som or fruit entirely off from the spur? 



Mr. Pennoyer: After the fruit gets 

 through falling we take the fruit en- 

 tirely off every other or every third 

 spur. Those spurs will give the crop 

 next year. 



Question: Do you prune all vari- 

 eties the same way? 



Mr. Pennoyer: We work mostly on 

 the Mcintosh and the Wealthy. The 

 Spy does not bear heavily with us, but 

 this year, by these methods we got a 

 heavy crop of Spys. 



Question: How old are your Spy 

 trees? 



Mr. Pennoyer: Eleven years old. 

 Never got a decent crop until this year 

 when we got about two-thirds of a 

 crop. 



Professor Lewis: The Spy does not 

 come in much before eleven years. The 

 Wealthy and Mcintosh bear on spurs 

 and terminal buds; you don't have to 

 depend on the spurs alone in those 

 varieties for tlx- fruit. With the Spy 

 you have got to depend on the spur 

 almost entirely. There is probably nn 

 variety that beats the Wealthy to bear 

 on year-young wood. 



M. L. Dean, State Horticultural In- 

 spector, Missoula, Montana: 1 want to 

 explain that in the Bitter Root Vallex 

 we have a <lifferent range of soil and 

 a different growth of trees from most 

 of you. Our soil is mostly disintegrated 

 granite and does not produce as strong 

 a growth as your soil docs and that 

 permits Mr. Pennoyer to handle his 

 trees difi'erently. I have visited this 

 orchard and think he is the only one 

 that follows this system of pruning 

 and we all know that he is a radical 

 pruner, but he gets the results just the 

 same. When we want some Mcintosh 

 apples to send away to a fair to take 

 a prize we go to Mr. Pennoyer's orchard 

 to get them. Since starting this system 

 of pruning he has described, heading 

 back and developing that fruit -bud 

 system, the limbs of his trees are one 

 solid line of fruit. 



C. C. Vincent, L'niversit\- c)f Idaho: 

 I ijresumc some of you remember thai 

 two years ago I prepared a papei- on 

 summer i)runing giving the results of 

 experiments we had made over a period 

 of five or six years. Our conditions at 

 Moscow are somewhat difl'erenl from 

 yours. Our elevation is 2,000 to 2.:^) 



feet with 21 inches of rainfall, so that 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 2g 



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