BETTER FRUIT 



A.\ ILI,USTRATED MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN. PROGRESSIVE FRUIT GROWING AND MARKETING 



Fungus Sprays — Based on 50 Different Observations 



Report Made by Sam G. Campbell, Chief Inspector of the Apple Growers' Association, Hood River, Oregon 



furnish observations 



[Editor's Note. — The following observations 

 afford some very interesting information in 

 reference to spraying for fungus. Particularly 

 valuable for the reason that the exhibits are 

 the work of fruit growers in a practical way 

 in connnercial orcliartls. It shoiiltl be noted 

 that the spraying program is for the whole 

 orchard, not for a few ro^^ s or a few trees, 

 spraying in a particular manner in the same 

 very thorough way, which is beyond the capa- 

 city of the average gi'ower with a large orchard. 

 It may be noteil in addition that the fruit 

 growers of Hood River Valley have profited 

 from their experiences of 1915, and through the 

 assistance of the experiment station have pro- 

 duced a crop of apples this year that is practi- 

 cally free from scab, many growers having less 

 than one per cent and very few to exceed five 

 per cent. It is the intention in the next issue 

 of "Better Fruit" to give a program of the 

 spraying methods that have been followed this 

 year, which have been extremely successful in 

 controlling scab.l 



IN presenting the following informa- 

 tion for your consideration and 

 henelit, I desire to say that the in- 

 vesligalions cover 50 orchards in Hood 

 River valley. In each case the number 

 of si)i"ays, time a])plied and the fungi- 

 cides used are staled in the various ex- 

 hibits, also the strength which is used 

 in each one of the fungicides. 



The dormant spray means the fall 

 application of bordeaux. The spray rc- 

 fcrretl to as delayed dormant means the 

 spray which is usually applied as the 

 buds begin swelling, which in some 

 instances is extended by the growers 

 after the buds have opened out and the 

 leaves advanced quite conspicuously. 

 The iKMcentages of scab given are at 

 thinning lime. 



The estimates are furnished by the 

 growers and in my judgment are 

 about correct, as nearly as could be 

 determined by estimate without actual 

 counts. 



The main object of this information 

 is, tirst, to show Ihal where the greatest 

 number of sprays were used, the clean- 

 est crops were obtained; second, to 

 show that certain omissions in spraying 

 were more serious than others; third, 

 that certain fungicides gave better re- 

 sults than others. 



First, I will give you the number of 

 sprays and data in reference to each 

 individual orchard. These are classi- 

 Tied in exhibits — all growers who fol- 

 lowed a spraying iirogram which was 

 alike arc classified under "Exhibit A." 

 The numbers after Exhibit A ;ind B in- 

 dicate the number of growers who fol- 

 lowed the same system. These exhibits 

 run from "A" to "S." In some exhibits 

 there are half a dozen or more, and in 

 some there is only one example of the 

 spraying method. Where there are 

 more than one the average ix'rccntage 

 of scab at thinning time for Ibe entire 

 number is given. 



1 will now proceed to give you the 

 program, followed by the different ex- 



hibits, and later 

 and conclusions: 



Exhibit A-1 : Fall bordeaux, delayed 

 lime-sulphur 1-9. Delayed dormant, 

 semi-dormant, pink, calyx and ten days. 

 Six sprays, .5 per cent fungus. 



Exhibit B-1 : Fall borileaux, lime- 

 sulphur 1-lf). Delayed dormant, lime- 

 sulphur 1-JO, pink, calyx and ten days. 

 Five sprays, .5 per cent fungus. 



Exhibit B-2: Fall bordeaux, delayed 

 dormant lime-sulphur 1-12, pink lime- 

 suiphur 1-25, calyx lime-sulphur 1-30, 

 ten (lays lime-suliihur 1-40. Five sprays, 

 1(1 per cent fungus. 



Please note this orchard had 20 per 

 cent fungus in 1014. 



Exhibit B-3: Fall bordeaux, delayed 

 dormant lime-sulphur 1-10, pink bor- 

 deaux 4-4-50, calyx lime-suljjhur 1-35, 

 ten (lays lime-sulphur 1-40. Five sprays, 

 15 jier cent fungus. 



Average fungus Exhibit B 10 per cent. 

 The average fungus in Exhibit B was 

 increased by B-2 using an insullicient 

 quanlity, applying only two gallons of 

 spray for trees about 13 years old; 

 otherwise I^xhibit B would probably 

 have shown an average of about from 

 5 to 7% per cent fungus. 



Exhibit C-1 : Delayed dormant lime- 

 sulphui- 1-10, ])ink, calyx and ten days 

 lime-sulphur 1-40. Four spiays, 5 per 

 cent fungus. 



Exhibit D-1 : Fall bordeaux, delayed 

 dormant lime-sulphur 1-2(1, pink and 

 calyx lime-sulphur 1-35, ten days atomic 

 sulphur 6 pounds-100 gallons. F'ive 

 spiays, 10 per cent fungus. 



Exhibit D-2: Fall bordeaux, delayed 

 dormant lime-sulphur 1-10, i)ink lime- 

 sulphur 1-30, calyx lime-sulphur 1-33, 

 ten days atomic sulphur (i i)ounds-100 

 gallons. Five sprays, 25 per cent fungus. 



Exhibit D, average fungus 17 'j jxr 

 cent. 



Exhibit E-1 : Fall bordetuix, delaxed 

 dormant lime-sulphur 1-20, pink lime- 

 sidphur 1-35, calyx atomic sulphur 12 

 poiinds-lOO gallons, ten dtiys atomic 

 sulphur 10 poiuids-lOO gallons. Five 

 sprays, 15 i)er cent fungus. 



I'^xhibit 1"-1: Fall bordeaux, pink 

 llme-sulpluu' 1-20, calyx lime-sulphur 



-3( 



too 



fungus. 



Exhibit F-2: I 

 lime-sulphur 1-20, 

 1-35 i)art of 

 olher part 



len days atomic sulphur (i pounds- 

 gallons. I'our spra\ s, 5 per cent 



ill bordeaux, pink 



calyx lime-sulphur 



if orchard, bordeaux 4-1-50 



len (lavs bordeaux 2'/-4-l(IO. 



I'ungus 15 per cent. 



Average fungus I^xliibil !•" 10 per cent; 

 four sprays. 



I'xhibit fi-l: Fall bordeaux, pink 

 limc-sidi)hur 1-15, calyx lime-sulphur 

 1-3.S. Three sprays, 20 i)er cent fungus. 



Exhibit G-2: Fall bordeaux, pink 

 lime-sulphur 1-25, calyx lime-sulphur 

 1-38. Three sprays, 20 per cent fungus. 



Average fungus Exhibit (1, three 

 sprays, 20 per cent. 



Exhibit H-1 : Fall bordeaux, delayed 

 dormant lime-sulphur 1-20, calyx lime- 

 sulphur 1-35, ten days 1-40. Four 

 sprays, 10 per cent fungus. 



Exhibit II-2: Fall bordeaux, delayed 

 dormant lime-sulphur 1-10, calyx lime- 

 sulphur 1-35, ten days bordeaux 4-5-50. 

 Four sprays, 30 per cent fungus. 



Exhibit II-3: Fall bordeaux, delayed 

 dormant lime-sulphur 1-10, calyx lime- 

 sulphur 1-35, len days bordeaux 4-5-50. 

 Four sprays, 30 per cent fungus. 



Exhibit H-4: Fall bordeaux, delayed 

 dormant bordeaux fi-()-50, calyx lime- 

 sulphur 1-40, ten days lime-sulphur 

 1-30. Four sprays, 35 per cent fungus. 



Average fungus Exhibit H 26 Vt per 

 cent. Four sprays, pink spray being 

 omitted. 



Exhibit I-l: Fall bordeaux, delayed 

 dormani lime-sulphur 1-11, pink lime- 

 sulphur 1-28, calyx lime-suliihur 1-28. 

 Four sprays, 20 per cent fungus. 



Exhibit 1-2: Fall bordeaux, delayed 

 dormani lime-sulphur 1-12, pink lime- 

 sulphur 1-25, calyx lime-sulphur 1-35. 

 Four sprays, 25 per cent fungus. 



Average fungus Exhibit I 22'i; per 

 cent. Four sprays. 



Exhibit .1-1: Pink lime-sulphur l-'20, 

 calyx lime-sulphur 1-25. Two sprays, 

 30 per cent fungus. 



Exhibit ,1-2: Pink lime-sulphur 1-10, 

 calyx lime-sulphur 1-30, len days atomic 

 sulphur 7 pounds-lOO gallons. Three 

 sprays, 35 i)er cent fungus. 



Aevrage fungus Exhibit .1, two and 

 three sprays, 32 per cent. 



Exhibit K-1: Delayed dormant lime- 

 sulphur 1-10, ctilyx lime-sulphur 1-15, 

 ten days lime-sul|)hur 1-15. Three 

 sprays, 15 i}er cent fungus. 



[Note — Bather exceptional; good re- 

 sult probably due to delayed dormani 

 being put on late enough lo be near 

 early pink and extra strength of lime- 

 sulphur was used in calyx and len days. 

 This strength, however, is dangerous, 

 and may cause russeting of fruit and 

 burning of foliage.] 



Exhibit L-1 : Fall bordeaux, delayed 

 dormant lime-sulphur 1-10, calyx lime- 

 sulphur 1-4(1. Three sprays, 25 per cent 

 fungus. 



I'^xhibit I--2: Dclascd dormani lime- 

 sidijhur 1-0, c;d.\x lline-sulphur 1-35. 

 Two sprays, 50 per cent fungus. 



Average fungus ICxhibit E, two and 

 three sprays, 37'j per ceiil. 



Exhibit M-1 : Fall bordeaux, pink 

 lime-sulphur 1-20. Two sprays, 50 per 

 cent fungus. 



