Page 6 



BETTER FRUIT 



January 



Exhibit M-2: Fnll bordeaux, pink 

 lime-sulphur 1-10 part of orchard, other 

 part bordeaux 4-6-50. Two sprays, 50 

 per cent fungus. 



Average Exhibit M 50 per cent. 



Exhibit N-1: Delayed dormant lime- 

 sulphur 1-10, pink lime-sulphur 1-35, 

 ten days bordeaux (two-thirds of or- 

 chard 5-5-50). Three sprays, 25 per 

 cent fungus. 



Exhiljil N-2: Delayed dormant lime- 

 sulphur 1-9, pink lime-sulphur 1-25. 

 Two sprays, 30 per cent fungus. 



Exhibit N-3: Fall bordeaux, delayed 

 dormant lime-sulphur 1-15, pink lime- 

 sulphur 1-30, ten days atomic sulphur 

 10 pounds-100 gallons. Four spra,\s, 90 

 per cent fungus. 



Average fungus Exhibit N, two, three 

 and four sprays, 48y3 per cent. 



ExhibiO-1: Calyx lime-sulphur 1-25. 

 One spray, 75 per cent fungus. 



Exhibit P-1: Delayed dormant, lime- 

 sulphur 1-10. One spray, 90 per cent 

 fungus. 



It seems from a close study and 

 analysis of Exhibits A to P that it may 

 be helpful to the growers of Hood 

 River valley to point out comparisons 

 of these analyses showing the value of 

 a certain number of sprays, and also to 

 point out the loss from the omission of 

 any one of the important sprays. 

 Later on I will speak of the compara- 

 tive value of different fungicides, as 

 evidenced in these observations, and 

 results. 



Exhibit A gave the highest percent- 

 age, consisting of six sprays, fall bor- 

 deaux, delayed dormant lime-sulphur 

 1-9, semi-dormant, pink, calyx and ten 

 days lime-sulphur 1-33, showing onlv 

 5 per cent fungus at thinning time, the 

 cleanest crop, with one exception, so 

 far as these results show, namely, Ex- 

 hibit F-1, which I will analyze spe- 

 cifically later. 



Exhibit B, consisting of five sprays, 

 fall bordeaux, delayed dormant, pink 

 calyx and ten days, 10 per cent fungus; 

 the semi-dormant being omitted. 



Exhibit C, four sprays, delayed dor- 

 mant, pink, calyx and ten days, 5 per 

 cent of fungus; fall bordeaux and semi- 

 dormant omitted. 



Exhibit D, five sprays, fall bordeaux, 

 delayed dormant, pink, calyx and ten 

 days, the semi-dormant omitted, fungus 

 \7V2 per cent. Attention is called to the 

 increased fungus in Exhibit D, where 

 five sprays were applied, as compared 

 to Exhibit C, where four sprays were 

 applied, that atomic sulphur was used 

 in the calyx in Exhibit D. 



Exhibit E, five sprays, fall bordeaux, 

 delayed dormant, pink, calyx and ten 

 days, 15 per cent fungus. Comparisons 

 should be made with Exhibit C, four 

 sprays, showing 5 per cent fungus; 

 attention being called to the fact that in 

 Exhibit E atomic sulphur was used in 

 the pink and calyx. 



Exhibit F, four sprays, fall bordeaux, 

 pink, calyx and ten days, delayed dor- 

 mant and semi-dormant being omitted, 

 fungus 7% per cent. Comparison 

 should be made with Exhibit C, where 

 five sprays were used, attention to the 

 difference is called for the reason that 

 in Exhibit F the grower applied an ex- 



Winner of third prize among original and attractive displays 

 entered by Rosenhaupt Brothers of Mica, Washington. Ninth National 



Washington, November 20-25, 1916. 



Baby Zeppelin made of apples, 

 Apple Show, Spokane, 



tremely early pink, using a large quan- 

 tity of spray per tree, fungus showing 

 only 5 per cent, thus decreasing the 

 average per cent of fungus in Elxhibit 

 F seven below the normal average. 



Exhibit G, three sprays, fall bor- 

 deaux, pink and calyx, 20 per cent 

 fungus. Delayed, semi-dormant and ten 

 days omitted. 



Exhibit H, four sprays, fall bordeaux, 

 delayed dormant, calyx and ten days, 

 semi-dormant and ])ink omitted, fungus 

 2()H per cent, showing heavy loss from 

 omission of the pink application. 



Exhibit I, three and four sprays, fall 

 bordeaux, delayed dormant, pink and 

 calyx (semi-dormant and ten days 

 omitted), fungus 22 Vj per cent, sliowing 

 loss by omission of ten days spray. 



Exhibit J, two sprays, pink and calyx 

 (fall bordeaux, dila>ed dormant, semi- 

 dormant and ten days omitted), fungus 

 32% per cent. 



Exhibit K, three spra>s, delayed dor- 

 mant, calyx and ten days (omitted fall 

 bordeaux, semi-dormant and pink), 

 fungus 15 per cent. Attention is called 

 particularly to the omission of pink 

 spray. 



Exhibit L, three sprays, fall bor- 

 deaux, delayed dormant and calyx 

 (omitted semi-dormant, pink and ten 

 days), fungus 37 ¥2 per cent. 



Exhibit M, two sjirays, fall bordeaux 

 and pink (omitted delayed dormant, 

 semi-dormant, calyx and ten days), 

 fungus 50 per cent. Attention is called 

 particularly to the omission of the calyx 

 and ten days' sprays. 



Exhibit N, two and three sprays, de- 

 layed dormant, pink and ten days 

 (omitted fall bordeaux, semi-dormant 

 and calyx). Attention is called particu- 

 larly to the omission of calyx spray. 

 Fungus 48% per cent. 



Fxhibit O, one spray, calyx (all 

 others omitted), fungus 75 per cent. 



Exhibit P, one spray, delayed dor- 

 mant (all others omitted), fungus 90 

 per cent. 



From the preceding observations and 

 statements in connection with the esti- 

 mates of fungus in relation to the num- 

 ber of sprays applied and materials 

 used, and the omission of certain 

 sprays, it is evident to me, and I think 

 will be clear to my fellow apple grow- 

 ers, that any omission of any of the 

 important sprays means more scab. 

 The following indicates the increasing 



quantity of fungus in the various ex- 

 hibits in accordance with the different 

 spraying programs as already ex- 

 plained specifically in each individual 

 case. 



Exhibit A, 5 per cent. 



Exhibit B, 10 per cent. Insufficient 

 quantity of spray increases percentage 

 in this exhibit. 



Exhibit C, 5 per cent. 



Exhibit D, I7V2 per cent. 



Exhibit E, 15 per cent. 



Fxhibit F, 71/2 per cent. 



[Note — Small percentage of Exhibit 

 F due to using extremely early pink, as 

 alreadv stated in Exhibit F-1.] 



Exhibit 0, 20 per cent. 



Fxhibit H, 2fii4 percent. 



Exhibit I, 22 1/2 per cent. 



Exhibit J, 32 V2 per cent. 



Exhibit K, 15 per cent. [Note — Ex- 

 cei)tional.l 



Fxhibit L, 37^/2 per cent. 



Fxhibil M, 50 per cent. 



Fxhibit N, 48i;, per cent. 



Exhibit O, 75 per cent. 



Exhibit P, 90 per cent. 



Conclusion: With the data already 

 presented it seems that every grower 

 should be able to plan a spraying 

 schedule which, if applied at the right 

 time and in the right way, will give a 

 crop with an extremely small percent- 

 age of fungus. The evidence and re- 

 sults already given are especially con- 

 vincing. 



The cleanest crops were produced in 

 1915, where the greatest number of 

 sprays were applied. 



The omission of the pink or calyx 

 sprays, or both of them, cause the most 

 severe loss. 



The use of lime-sulphur in the ])ink 

 and calvx generally give better results 

 and less fungus. 



Bordeaux, in 1914 and 1915, applied 

 in the pink or calxx have caused more 

 or less damage by russeting, in some 

 cases very severe. 



It does not appear to be established, 

 nor is it stated by pathologists, that 

 bordeaux in the fall is an important 

 factor in fungus control. 



Bordeaux in the fall is a necessary 

 Ijrolection in this valley for anthrac- 

 nose. 



As many growers think it has a fun- 

 gicidal value when applied in the fall, 

 it seems advisable to recommend its 

 application, particularly on account of 

 anthracnose. 



