Page 10 



BETTER FRUIT 



December, 1921 



mace fly have reported about 300 different 

 mutations in the one species studied exten- 

 sively, and during the period of investiga- 

 tion they have counted approximately 30,- 

 000,000 flies. This gives a frequency of 

 one mutant in 10,000 flies. But many 

 mutations appear more than once and some 

 are of such an insignificant character that 

 they are not reported, so that they claim a 

 frequency of one mutation in every four 

 or five thousand flies. 



If we assume for the sake of argument 

 that the same frequency of mutations ob- 

 tains in the apple, how many trees would 

 have to be tested in order to discover one 

 high producer which is in a true, hereditary 

 ■ sense superior to other trees and hence 

 capable of transmitting its character of 

 high yield to its budded progeny.' Obvi- 

 ously we could not expect to find one 

 among 4000 tested trees, because many 

 factor mutations affect only some morpho- 

 logical character or characters and do not 

 affect yield and that every other one of 

 these tends to increase yield, we have al- 

 ready increased the number from 4000 to 

 16,000 trees which must be tested in order 

 to discover one truly superior tree. 



%Y7"E might pursue this line of hypothe- 

 '* tical reasoning much farther, com- 

 paring the number of chromosomes in the 

 apple or the plum with the number in the 

 pomace fly with reference to the known 

 rate of mutations per chromosome in the 

 latter and the number of bearing trees of 

 the former now in existence. But it all 

 points to the same general conclusion, to- 

 wit, that the geneticist can not hold out 

 much encouragement to those who propose 

 to locate genetically superior deciduous 

 fruit trees by means of performance rec- 

 ords and progeny tests. 



The present tendency of nurserymen to 

 advertise stock grown from known high 

 producers as capable of furnishing orchards 

 that will yield more than orchards grown 

 from first-class stock from healthy trees 

 that are typical of the variety, should be 

 discouraged. Such inferences are at pres- 

 ent unwarranted. There should first be some 

 well-planned experiments on typical or- 

 chards of all the principal deciduous fruits. 

 Then, if the results of these experiments 

 are such as to indicate that performance 

 records and progeny tests are worth having 

 in deciduous fruits, it should not be diffi- 

 cult to interest the growers. 



However, the keeping of performance 

 records of orchard trees may be well worth 

 doing by every orchardist if only for the 

 purpose of eliminating drone trees. After 

 performance records had been kept for sev- 

 eral years by many growers, it should be 

 possible to locate a large number of out- 

 standing trees which could then be propa- 

 gated for testing. It is desirable that some 

 of our experiment stations undertake inves- 

 tigations in this field in the near future, 

 and because of the wide range of materials 



to be covered and the length of time in- 

 volved, it is a very suitable field for co- 

 operative investigations. 



None of the foregoing statements should 

 be interpreted as antagonistic to the idea 

 that bud selection is an important phase of 

 modern fruit growing. The regular prac- 

 tice of bud selection should be encouraged 

 because it will assist in holding varieties 

 true to type and it will increase the chances 

 of discovering new and possibly valuable 

 bud-sports. But the mere fact that bud se- 

 lection is practiced is not sufficient to war- 

 rant any claims to special or unusual merit 

 in nursery stock. The super-yielding tree 

 of apple, peach or plum, which will beget 

 a super-yielding orchard, has yet to be dis- 

 covered. 



Shippers Win Point 



A PRELIMINARY victory of some con- 

 ■'-^ sequence to fruit shippers of the Yaki- 

 ma valley was won recently in the suit of 

 the Earl Fruit Company of the Northwest 

 vs. the Northern Pacific Railway. The 

 case was tried in the circuit court of Mult- 

 nomah county, Oregon, and the shippers' 

 victory has significance for fruit men of 

 the Northwest in being one of few deci- 

 sions given against a railroad in such ac- 

 tions. 



The court and jury granted a judg- 

 ment of $1,900 to the plaintiff on claims 

 involving three carloads of boxed apples 

 shipped out of the Yakima valley in No- 

 vember, 1917. The fruit was shipped in 

 box cars, under shippers' risk option No. 1 . 

 The railway company insisted that . the 

 shippers assumed all risk from freezing. 

 The fruit company alleged that the rail- 

 road company was responsible, since the 

 freezing occurred after an unexplained de- 

 lay to the shipment. The jury was con- 

 vinced that, had there been no delay, there 

 would have been no injury to the apples. 



The .case revives recollections of numer- 

 ous similar losses experienced by shippers 

 of the Yakima valley in 1917, when the 

 carriers refused to grant privileges of car- 

 riers' risk, under option No. 2, and hun- 

 dreds of carloads of fruit were lost in box- 

 car shipments. Extension granted by the 

 1920 transportation act gives any such 

 shippers about two months yet in which to 

 file suits on those shipments. 



A test case in the state of Washington, 

 brought by the Pacific Fruit and Produce 

 Company, resulted in a victory for the 

 Northern Pacific in the state supreme 

 court. The Northern Pacific has made a 

 motion for a new trial in the present suit 

 and this has not been ruled upon. Arthur 

 M. Geary, of Portland, presented the ship- 

 pers' case and J. W. Quick, of Tacoma, 

 represented the railroad company. 



ALBATROSS BRANDS 



How to 



prevent 



the "blotch" or 

 "burn" of the 

 spray on fruit 



Observe this study in contrasts. The apple at the 

 left was sprayed with Arsenateof Lead — a wonder- 

 fully good spray. But the user nenlectt-d to mix 

 Spray Spri-ad" with it. Below is a similar apple— 

 sprayudwith thesann- kind of spray- but Alhatross 

 Spray Spread was niixtd with the spray. Note the 

 difttrencL— tlie "kad" dried on the FIRST apple in 

 I spots— orblotchs.Tlic; 

 second apple received 

 an etjual amount of 

 protective spray— but 

 it s p FL- a d o \- e r t Ii e 

 apple in a tliin film. 

 .Appearance and mar- 

 1 keting appeal of the 

 I appleisthusretained. 

 I The pictures tell why 

 I Government experts 

 I are so enthused over 

 I "Spra y Spread" — 

 I why experienced hor- 

 I ticulturists say it has 



the lead on this apple L^fd" spray 



ALBATROSS 

 "SPRAY SPREAD 



{Calcium Casemate (Som/'ouud) 



?? 



Quality Features: 



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3. No lost time. 



4. Protects fruit with 

 uniform coating. 



5. Does not injure 

 foliage. 



6. Recommended by 

 experts. 



7. Guaranteed by 

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Directions sent ivit/i .. , 



each order Aole the unit arm, adhering 



Jihii on this af>plc 

 PACKAGES AND PRICES 



2001b. Bbl. Boxes 2 lb. Pkgs. 



22^ lb. 24r ID. 25^ lb. 



Freigtit prepaid to Nurthwest points, 



NOTE: If you use Casein, Albatross Superfine, 

 is the brand to buy. Very finely ground — 

 quickly soluble when mixed with alkali. 



^/^ 



or 



§ffl2^ storage plants, 

 - WATER] packing sheds, 



tAIN- 



etc. 



DEFORE using a disinfecting spray in a hen 

 house or coop be sure to remove every particle 

 of filth or rubbish, otherwise the spraying will 

 do little if any good. 



During the lasV six years a very 

 larne proportion of the major in- 

 dustrial plants, warehouses, lumber mills and can- 

 neries (list on application) have been nade '"spick 

 and span" with Albatross Cold Water Paint. This 

 pamtis very economical to use— dry s snow white — 

 will NOT peel or rub off— retards fire - easy to apply 

 — and when properly applied, reduces insurance 

 rates. Has remarkable spreading and covering 

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 other material. For almost any kind of commercial 

 interior, AlbatrossCold Water Paint is unequalled. 

 Extensively used in the fruit world for storage 

 plants, packing sheds, etc. Tell us your require 

 ments— we can meet them to your complete satis- 

 faction. * • • General Basic Products Co.. Sole 

 Maniifactztrers, I'^lii I6th Ave.S. W.. Seattle.U.S. A. 

 Dealers . .Address us for attractivf sales proposition. 



