Page Fourteen 



BETTER FRUIT 



Gummosis of The Cherry 



BH C. A. TONNESON 



Huner-jvuin, Burton, Washington 



FIELD observations of the gummosis orchards planted on hillside clay soils close 

 malady of the cherry trees have led to to those in the valley, but on a dr.er «,,! 

 the conclusion that late fall growing, with where wood growth is decdedly checked 

 "ripened condition of cambium and sap- during the month of August, that desp, e 



March, 1 922 



per cent, and more where needed, of limbs 

 and foliage the cambium-making power 

 and new or continous growth is reduced to 



wood, is a prevalent cause, though there 

 may be bacterial and other factors. 



In the State of Washington there are 

 numerous valleys with a rich sandy loam 

 soil, where the moisture is ample to keep 

 young orchard trees growing profusely dur- 

 ing the months of July and August. Then, 

 with the early September rain and a mild 

 temperature, the leaves are retained and do 

 not cease to provide nourishment until very 

 late, some years in December. With a 

 sudden drop of temperature to some point 

 below freezing, it appears, the cambium, 

 as it is being transformed into green sap- 

 wood, is easily injured. As a result tissues 

 are broken at one or more weak places in 

 the bark and the exudation of the gum 

 appears next spring. 



It has been observed that, with young 



the same September rain, these hillside 

 trees are, as a rule, too nearly ripened up 

 for the season to make any material further 

 growth. As compared with trees in the 

 soils which have ample moisture for con- 

 tinuous and late growing, the trees which 

 are under conditions to ripen up earlier 

 have much less gummosis. 



If this is one of the prime causes of 

 gummosis the remedy then is to aid nature 

 and hasten the ripening process before the 

 winter season. Where the trees are grow- 

 ing on sub-irrigated soils the reduction of 

 moisture may be beyond control, but the 

 Drchardist can reduce the sources of nourish- 

 ment and, to a materia! extent, check con- 

 tious fall growth by pruning, which should 

 be done from the middle to the last of 

 August. By taking off from 15 to 25 



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