May, 1922 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page Twenty-three 



anything like a maximum value. There is 

 great variation in the type of soil. The 

 different kinds of fruit grown of necessity 

 require different systems of soil manage- 

 ment. The climate and soil are generally 

 fitted to the production of large quantities 

 of vegetation. If properly farmed the cli- 

 matic resources are sufficient to maintain a 

 high degree of soil fertility for an In- 

 definite period. 



The system of orchard management 

 which will include the planting of cover 

 crops in the later summer or early fall and 

 the turning under of these crops during the 

 spring is a plan capable of being used in 

 practically all western districts of heavy 

 rainfall. If such crops as vetch, wheat, 

 rye, field peas and crimson clover are used, 

 the fertilizing of the soil can be very much 

 improved and, in practically every case, the 

 texture of the soil very greatly improved. 

 In some districts it will be necessary to 

 depend upon the growth made in the fall 

 to develop enough vegetable material to 

 make the cover crop worth while, as 

 late spring growth can not be permitted. 

 Where the rainfall during the spring and 

 early summer is light, the cover crop would 

 soon exhaust the water supply. 



Another condition that seems peculiar, 

 yet the local men are convinced of its 

 potency, is that in the prune orchards of 

 Clarke county the orchardists who plow 

 early, more generally escape injury from 

 light spring frosts than the orchardists who 

 plow late. They are convinced of this 

 fact to such an extent that it is recognized 

 as a profitable practice to plow early. 



The plowing under of the cover crops 

 in the early spring does not permit of a 

 hea\y development of vegetable material, 

 but it has one very great value — that of 

 preventing a complete leaching of the soil 

 during the winter. This, in itself, can do 

 a great deal to maintain the soil fertility. 



I do not know to what extent the prac- 

 tice of mulch crops and sod mulch crops 

 could be used in Washington or Oregon. 

 I know that in the eastern part of the 

 L'nited States, with rainfall varying from 

 3 5 to 50 inches, many orchardists find it 

 profitable to permit a crop of clover and 

 grasses to occupy the entire land. This 

 material is cut as soon as it reaches the hay 

 stage of development and permitted to fall 

 and lie on the ground during the rest of 

 the season. A large amount of material 

 may grow the second time and must be cut 

 a second time, but all of the material 

 grown on the land is permitted to fall and 

 decay there. 



The value of this process increases as the 

 orchard attains age. For the first year or 

 two it may seem that the orchard suffers a 

 bit from want of water, but as the mulch 

 mcreases in thickness on the soil surface, 

 the water-holding capacity of the soil and 

 mulch is increased and the trees do not 

 suffer from want of water as might have 

 been expected. 



Are there CURLED^ 

 LEAVES on \^^^ 

 Your Apple, 



Trees"^-'-^ 



"^f-.S'BS 





Then get busy. That's a sure sign of Aphis. 

 These little insects are sucking the life out of your 

 trees. Kill them unless you want a small crop of dwarfed, 

 specked fruit. You also run the risk of Aphis killing your trees. 



Spray at once with 



Black Leaf ^O 



40yoNi co-tine 



Kills 

 ^phiSi 



Recommended by agricultural colleges and experiment stations. Don't 

 make the very common mistake of thinking that Lime-Sulphur, Arsenate 

 of Lead or Bordeaux kills Aphis. They don't, but if you are using 

 those sprays, simply add Black Leaf 40 properly diluted, and make one 

 spraying do double duty.. Aphis also attacks Peach, Plum, Cherry 

 as well as many vegetables and plants. Black Leaf 40 is highly 

 concentrated so that only a small amount is required. The cost 

 is small — only a few cents per tree. Free Spray Chart. Your 

 dealer has Black Leaf 40 and one of our free spray charts. If 

 he is out, write us direct. y 



Tobacco By-Products & 

 Chemical Corporation 



Incorporated 



I ; LOUISVILLE, KY. 



THE KIMBALL CULTIVATOR 



"]4jf"OISTURE is absolutely necessary to wood growth and fruit production. 

 Without adequate moisture in your soil, fertilizers will not become 

 soluble, hence will not operate when you need them. Too much irrigation is 

 admittedly dangerous. 



Your KIMBALL will hold the natural moisture in your soil by forming a 



perfect mulch, eradicating weeds at the same time. After your spring plowing 



and discing the KIMBALL is the only tool you need through the balance 

 of the season. 



W. A. JOHNSTON, Mfg. 



The Dalles 



Oregon 



