Mai/, 1922 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page Twenty-seven 



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I With the Poultry | 



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FEEDING OF CHICKS 

 T^HE newly-hatched chick should not be given 

 food until it is at least 48 to 72 hours old. 

 This is important. The yolk which Is only partly 

 used as food during the incubation period, is 

 drawn into the abdomen just before the chick 

 emerges from the shell. The yolk furnishes suf- 

 ficient nourishment to keep the chick alive for 

 a number of days. This factor Is what mnkes it 

 possible to ship chicks long distances. 



Feeding the chick too soon after h;itching re- 

 sults in disarrangement of the digestive tract and 

 retards the normal absorption of the yolk. It thus 

 remains unabsorbed in the body of the chick and 

 finally causes Its death. 



The first food the chick should receive after 

 being removed from the nest or Incubator, says 

 an instructor in poultry raising, Is clean, fresh 

 water w ith the chill removed. The young chick 

 drinks a great deal of water and plenty of It Is 

 necessary for Its health and development. Also 

 provide grit (sand), and charcoal, (chick size), 

 for it to pick at. These ingredients start the di- 

 gestive tract and digestive juices to functioning 

 so that they will be in better condition to digest 

 the first food eaten. Lusty chirping Indicates 

 that it is time for the first feeding. The first food 

 should be of an easily digested nature. Oatmeal, 

 dry bread crumbs, or a mash mixture of ground 

 feeds, make very good starting foods. 



AAA 



TEN IMPORTANT RULES 

 J^NE OF the pouItr>'men at the University of 

 Wisconsin has ten rules for rearing chicks 

 vh'ch he religiously follows. Here they are: 



Use healthy, active and If possible free range 

 breeding stock. 



Have hover warm enough, so chicks will not 

 crowd underneath. A cold hover is dangerous. 



Give milk or buttermilk to drink from start 

 and for the first ten days feed at least five times 

 a day but very little at a time. 



Ver>- important- — ^keep the chicks busy and do 

 n<it feed enough scratch feed to fill their crops 

 more th m one-third full except the last feeding 

 at night. 



Do not hive any draft where chicks sleep. 



Watch chicks closely at bed time, so that they do 

 not crowd or get Into corners. 



No matter how cold, get chicks out of doors 

 as soon as possible, but so they can run to hover 

 whenever they wish. 



Commence feeding green feed w hen about a 

 week old, preferably having chicks run on green 

 clover. 



Give plenty of room and air as chicks grow. 



Keep close watch for mites} for if they arc not 

 controlled, no chicks can be raised. 



AAA 



FOWLS OF FINE FEATHERS 

 T^HE ornamental breeds and varieties of chick- 

 ens often have an unusual appeal. A breeder 

 who may be first attracted to such f(»wls by their 

 unusuil plumage m ly develop a flock later which 

 . h.-»s decided utility value, an activity which thus 

 responds to the desire for something exceptional, 

 and at the same time profitable. Farmers* Bulletin 

 1221, issued recently by the United States Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, on "Standard Varieties of 

 Chickens," is the fourth In a scries from the 

 Rurcau of Animal Industry. 



The present bulletin treats of the principal 

 reasons for keeping chickens, and goes Into par- 

 ticular detail regarding the fowls In these classes: 

 Polish, Hamburg, Game, Oriental (In which are 

 the Sumatra and Malay,) and two miscellaneous 

 breeds, the Sultan and the Frizzles. 



The poultry industry of the United States h 

 concerned mainly with the production of food, 

 but in addition to this there arc fowls of much 



beauty of plumage or form kept merely for pleas- 

 ure, because of their rarity or unusual appearance. 

 It Is this latter interest which accounts for a large 

 number of the breeds and varieties and for the 

 \ariation In type, color, and color patterns. 



AAA 



FIGHTING THE MITES 

 INTERNAL vigilance is the price of keeping 

 houses and coops free from mites. A mite 

 is very small and difficult to see unless special 

 search Is made. They are usually found in cracks 

 near the roosts. They appear as minute gray or 

 reddish specks. When present in large numbers 

 they often have the appearance of dust. Mites 

 reproduce very rapidly and are a great source of 

 annoyance to the hens when present in large 

 numbers. The mites live by sucking the blood 

 from the hens. A severe attack of mites will cause 

 the hens to lose flesh and stop laying, and will 

 oftentimes produce death. 



To get rid of mites the houses must be care- 

 fully cleaned and then painted or sprayed with 

 repellent material. A heavy spraying of coal oil 

 followed in two or three days by giving the 

 roosts and surrounding boards a thorough paint- 

 ing with crude oil will clean up the mites and 

 keep the houses free for several months. This 

 treatment should be applied twice yearly to all 

 poultry houses as a precautionary measure against 

 mites. 



Effects of Miscible Oil 

 Spray 



{CuiilirnitJ frotj! page 9) 



Moft manufacturers of miscible oil 

 sprays caution the use of these preparations 

 during cold weather. They give no rea- 

 sons, as far as I have been able to ascertain 

 as to the probable cause of injury if un- 

 favorable conditions are encountered. If 

 the use of oil sprays on tree growth is some- 

 times attended with a certain amount of 

 danger when applied under certain con- 

 ditions this fact should be plainly stated 

 on the receptacles containing the materials. 



Effect on the Trhes — Owing to the 

 extreme cold weather which followed the 

 spraying, the trees were watched very 

 closely. According to some manufacturers 

 trees sprayed with an oil spray go into the 

 winter free from the injurious effects of 

 insect pests. Furthermore, the soluble oils 

 are supposed to have a cleansing and stimu- 

 lating effect greater than lime-sulfur or 

 any other spray. Apparently this appeared 

 to be true with the trees under considera- 

 tion for they came through the wmter 

 without visible injury. The trees leaved 

 out and blossomed, but upon close examina- 

 tion, the leaves and blossoms were much 

 smaller than those not sprayed. A few 

 days later the owner again examined the 

 trees and found many of them' dead or in 

 a dying condition. (See illustration). 



This matter was immediately called to 

 my attention and on making a personal ex- 

 amination of the trees I found the condi- 

 tions as here noted. A detailed study of 

 the trees showed a dark brown discolora- 

 tion of the inner bark and a sour condition 

 of the sap. This was particularly true 

 when the trunk and larger limbs were ex- 

 amined. Brown streaks also extended some 

 distance into the sap wood. The smaller 

 branches showed small areas injured. Later 



SASH AND DOORS 



O. B. Williams Co. 



1943 First Avenue South, Seattle 



Chicken House Sash 

 20 in. wide by 25 in. high, 80c 



A dozen different sizes in stock for 

 immediate shipment 



Sky Lights for Chicken Houses 



36 in. by 40 in.; price glazed, $2.00 

 This is the size recommended by the West- 

 ern Washington Experiment Station — w« 

 carry them in stock for immediate shipment. 

 Sash and Doors for all purposes at lowest 

 prices. All orders receive prompt attention. 

 Our large illustrated catalogue No. 19, 

 showing ful line of building material tnd 

 built-in fixtures for the home, free on re- 

 quest. 



O. B. Williams Co. 



Established 1899 



Arrow Carbolineum 



{Formerly Avenarius Carbolineum) 



Protects poultry against vermin — 

 Preserves wood against decay. When 

 you buy Carbolineum be sure you get 

 Carbolineum and not something 

 called just as good. Write for prices 

 and circulars. 

 Carbolineum Wood Preserving 

 Company 



222 E. Water St. Portland, Oregon 



BOXES 



GROWERS — CANNERS 



Let Us Figure With You on Your Needs 



American Box & Crate Mfg. Co. 



PORTLAND, OUEGOX 



examinations during the summer showed a 

 v'ery pronounced enlarging of the lenticlcs 

 in the bark. That this condition was not 

 caused by root trouble was evidenced by the 

 rank sucker growth which came up from 

 the roots. 



This doubtless was purely a case of spray 

 injury for the trees of the same variety 

 in the same general region and growing 

 under practically the same conditions that 

 had not been sprayed were in a health\' 

 vigorous condition. 



Under some conditions miscible oil 

 sprays m.iy also cause more or less injury 

 when applied in the spring. In the Clear- 

 water orchard some Spitzenberg trees 

 sprayed in the spring with the same material 

 caused a very marked retardation of the 

 buds from which they never fully re- 

 covered. These trees, however, no doubt 



