16 



NOETH AMEKICAN DUCKS, GEESE, A^.D SWANS. 



forms; but the following 7 of these do not range so far north as the 

 United States: 



Species occurring in CjiNTRAL America, West Indies, or Mexico, but not known 



TO REACH THE UNITED StATES. 



Muscovy duck, Cairina moschaia. 

 Diaz duck, Anas dxazi. 

 Abert duck, Anas aberii. 

 Bahama duck, PcecUonetta bahamensis. 

 White-faced tree-duck, Dendrocygna lidu- 

 ata. 



AVhistUng duck, Dendrocygna arborea. 

 Southern red-billed tree-duck, Dendro-^ 

 cygna discolor. 



There remain B-t species and subspecies that occur in the United 

 States and northward, but 11 of these are only accidental in North 

 America. One of them, Jlareea penelope, has been recorded about 80 

 times in various parts of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 

 Nettion crecca has been captured about twenty times in the same 

 regions. Netta rufina has been found only once — in New York market. 

 The other 7 occur more or less regularl}- in Greenland, but are not 

 known on the mainland of North America. These 11 species are: 



European Species occurring in North America as Stragglers. 



European smew, Mergus albeUus. 

 Widgeon, « Mareca penelope. 

 European teal," Nettion crecca. 

 Ruddy sheldrake, Casarca casarca. 

 Rufous-crested duck, Nelta rufina. 

 Velvet scoter, Oidemia fusca. 



White-fronted goose, Anser albifrons. 

 Bean goose, Ayiser fabalis. 

 Brant, Branta bernicla. 

 Barnacle goose, Branta leucopsis. 

 Whooping swan, Olor cygnus. 



Four species of eider ducks and the emperor goose are so de- 

 cidedh^ boi'eal that they do not come south to the United States 

 even in winter. These are: 



Species that Breed and Winter North of the United States. 



Steller eider, Polysticta stelleri. 

 Spectacled eider, Arctonetta fischeri. 

 Northern eider, Somcderia mollissima bore- 

 ali^ (rare on the New England coast). 



Pacific eider, Somateria v-nigra. 

 Emperor goose, Philacte canagica. 

 cidental in California. ) 



(Ac- 



Deducting these, there are 51 species which regularly visit the 

 United States during some portion of the 3^ear. Many of these, how- 

 ever, spend the breeding season north of the United States, and come 

 south onh' in the winter season. Among these last are included both 

 species of swans and most of the geese. Several species of ducks 

 select Canada as their principal breeding ground, but a few indi- 

 viduals remain to breed in the northern part of the United States or 

 in the mountains of the AVest. These are the scaup {Aythya marila)^ 

 American golden-ej^e {Claiigula clangula americana).^ Barrow golden- 

 eye ( Clangnla islandicd)^ buffle-head ( Charitonetta alheola)^ harlequin 



« Occurs in the United States; Nelta rufina but once. 



