WINTER RANGES. 



13 



Another phase of protection relates to the proper reo-ulation of 

 shooting during the fall and winter. This phase concerns a much 

 larger number of species of waterfowl than the question of hunting 

 during the breeding season. For although only 24 species nest within 

 the United States, 46 species are found here during winter, as will 

 appear from the following lists: 



WINTER RANGES. 

 Species that Winter Principally i\ the United States and Southward. 



Hooded merganser/' Lophodytes cucul- 



latuft. 

 Mallard, Anas boschas (on the Pacific 



coapt to the Aleutian I glands). 

 Black duck, Anas ohscura. 

 Red-legged duck, Anas ohscura rubripes 



(occasional in winter in Nova Scotia). 

 Florida duck, Anas fulvigula. 

 Spotted black duck, Atuxs fulmgula macu- 

 losa. 

 Gadwall, Chaulelasmus streperus. 

 Baldpate, « Mareca americana. 

 Green-winged teal, Nettion carolinense. 

 Blue-winged teal,« Querquedula discors. 

 Shoveler,« Spatula clypeata. 

 Pintail, « Dafila acuta. 

 Wood duck,« Aix sponsa. 

 Redhead," Ayihija americana. 

 Canvasback,« Aylhya valUsneria. 

 Scaup duck. Aythya marila (rare in 



southern Canada and on the Pacific coast 



to the Aleutians). 

 Lesser scaup duck,« Aythya affinis. 

 Ring-necked duck,« Aythya collar is. 

 American golden-eye, Clangula clangula 



americana ( rare in southern Canada, and 



on the Pacific coast to the Aleutians). 



Species that Winter in the United States and Canada. 



BufBe-head, Charitonetta albeola (on the 



Pacific coast to the Aleutians). 

 Rudd}^ duck,« Eri.vnalurajamaicensis. 

 Lesser snow goose," Chen hyper}>orea. 

 Greater snow goose, Chen liyperborea 



nivalis. 

 Blue goose, CJwn cscrule.'<cens. 

 Ross goose, Clien rossii. 

 American white-fronted goose, Anser 



albifron>^ gambeli. 

 Canada goose," Branta canadensis. 

 Hutchins goose," Branta canadensis hutch- 



insii. 

 White-cheeked goose, Branta canadensis 



occidentalis. 

 Cackling goose," Branta canadensis 



minima. 

 Brant, Branta bernicla glaucogastra. 

 Black brant, Branta nigricans. 

 Fulvous tree-duck, Dendrocygna fulva. 

 Whistling swan," Olor columbianus. 

 Trumpeter swan," Olor buccinator. 



American merganser. Merganser ameri- 



caniis. 

 Red-breasted merganser. Merganser serra- 



tor. 

 Barrow golden-eye, CUmguhi islandira. 

 Old scjuaw, JIarelda hyemalis. 



Harlequin duck, Histrionicus hl.<<trionicus. 

 American eider, Somcderia dresscri. 

 Spectacled eider, Somateria speclabilix. 

 American scoter, Oidemia americana. 

 White-winged scoter, Oidemia deglandi. 

 Surf scoter, Oidemia perspicillata. 



If ducks are to be protected for reasons other than esthetic, there 

 must be an open season. iMost will agree that so far as the perpetua- 

 tion of species alone is concerned this open season .should l)e durmg 

 migration, and preferably during the fall migration. The data i)re- 

 sented later in this l)ulletin show that ducks begm to leave their 



« Winters also in soiathern British Columbia. 



