MUSCOVY DUCK. 41 



Winter 7nnge. — The southern range in winter has already been given; 

 northward the species winters regularly to North Carolina, occasion- 

 ally in Maryland and Pennsylvania; accidentally in New York and 

 Massachusetts. In the interior it is found at this season as far north 

 as southern Indiana, southern Illinois, and Kansas. On the Pacific 

 coast a few winter near the northern limit of the summer range. 



Spring migration. — This duck is one of those which migrate north 

 moderately early, and in central New York the average date of its 

 arrival is March 25 (earliest March 16, 1898); eastern Massachusetts, 

 March 24; Montreal, Canada, April 24; central Iowa, March 20 (ear- 

 liest March 7, 1898); northern Ohio April 1 (earliest March 10, 1887); 

 Petersburg, Mich., March 15; southern Ontario, April 17 (earliest 

 April 1, 1890); Ottawa, Ontario (average fifteen years), April 22 (ear- 

 liest March 26, 1898); Heron Lake, Minn., April 4 (earliest March 24, 

 1890); Elk River, Minn,, April 6 (earliest April 4,1885); southern 

 Manitoba, April 15 (earliest April 2, 1895.) 



Fall migration. — The southward migration amounts to no more than 

 withdrawal from the northern half of the summer range. This occurs 

 largely during October, and the average date when the last migrants 

 are seen at Ottawa, Ontario (fourteen years), is October 27 (latest 

 November 7, 1896); Montreal, November 1; southern Maine, October 

 27 (latest November 2, 1896); southern Iowa, November 9 (latest 

 November 21.) 



[Cairina moschata (Linn.)- Muscovy Duck. 



In its domesticated form this duck is well known throughout the civilized world. 

 In its wild state it is an abundant inhabitant of Middle and South America from 

 Tampico, Yucatan, Mazatlan, and the Rio Zacatula in Mexico to central Argentina. 

 There is no certain record of its occurrence in the United States nor in the West 

 Indies, although a supposed hybrid between the muscovy and the mallard was 

 described from Jamaica under the name of Anas viaxima, and similar birds have been 

 taken several times along the Atlantic coast of the United States. Probably all 

 these escaped from domestication.] 



Netta rufina (Pall.). Rufous-crested Duck. 



This is a European and Asiatic species, one specimen of which was 

 found in 1872 in the New York City market. 



Aythya am.ericana (Eyt. ). Redhead. 



Breeding range.— Tha greater number of redheads summer in a 

 rather restricted area in western central Canada, comprising western 

 Manitol)a, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. The species breeds not rarely 

 in the northern portions of Minnesota, North Dakota, and Montana. 

 It is less common in southern Minnesota (Madison, Heron Lake), 

 southern South Dakota (Harrison, Vermilion), Idaho (Lake Hoodoo), 

 and on the Pacific slope locally from Lac la Hache, British Columbia, 



