BUFFLE-HEAD. 51 



Clangrula islandica (Gmel.) . Barrow Golden-eye. 



Breeding range. — A few breed in eastern Canada from the Gulf of 

 Saint Lawrence (Point des Monts) to northern Labrador (Davis Inlet). 

 A few are found in Greenland during- March and April and in Novem- 

 ber and December as far north as Holstenborg, 67° latitude, but the 

 species apparently does not breed there, though breeding- quite com- 

 monly in Iceland. The principal summer home is in the Rocky Moun- 

 tains, where the species breeds from southern Colorado (Dolores County) 

 north almost to the Arctic coast (Fort Anderson), though north of the 

 LTnited States there are only a few records in the entire district. On 

 the Pacific slope the species breeds quite commonly in central British 

 Columbia and less commonly north to Lake Clark, Alaska. The most 

 southern record of breeding on the Pacific slope seems to be the one 

 made by one of the parties of the Biological Survey at Paulina and 

 Diamond lakes, Oregon. 



Winter range. — The larger numbei" of the breeding birds of eastern 

 Canada spend the winter around the Gulf of St. Lawrence, but a few 

 straggle south and have been recorded at this season from Maine, New 

 Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, Virginia, and on four occasions 

 from North Carolina. In the interior they have been recorded a few 

 times in the States around the Great Lakes and even in Nebraska. 

 The Rocky Mountain breeding birds pass in winter scarcely south of 

 their summer range and are found from southern Colorado (Fort Lewis) 

 to Montana (Fort Sherman and Great Falls). The Pacific birds win- 

 ter from southern Alaska (Portage Bay) to California (San Francisco). 



Spring migration. — Records of this species are too few to allow of 

 exact statements in regard to its migration; indeed, over most of the 

 range of the species the winter and summer homes overlap. Migrants 

 were noted at Quebec City, April 14, 1899, and April 16, 1901. One 

 was seen near Asheville, N. C. , in 1893 as late as May 6. One was 

 taken at Fort Anderson, Mackenzie, June 14, 1864. 



In Iceland the species begins breeding in May or early June. At 

 Godbout, Quebec, young were found July 11, 1881. Incubated eggs 

 were taken June 17 in central British Columbia. 



Fall migration. — The earliest fall migrants in 1897 at Montreal were 

 seen October 23. One was taken near Washington, D. C, November 

 22, 1889, and one at Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin, November 14, 1896. 



Charitonetta albeola (Linn.). Buffle-head. 



Breeding range. — In the nesting season the buffle-head is almost 

 wholly confined to Canada, but a few breed in Wisconsin (Pewaukee 

 Lake), northern Iowa (Storm, Clear, and Spirit lakes), Wyoming 

 (Meeteetse Creek), Montana (Milk River, Flathead Lake). It is a 

 tolerably common breeder in the northern two-thirds of Ontario, and 



