6 The Bulletin. 



Yet these defects can be very much reduced by thorough spraying with 

 the poisoned Bordeaux Mixture. On the other hand, the San Jose Scale 

 has become widely distributed in many parts of the State, kills hundreds 

 of trees every year, and nearly half of our large commercial orchards 

 seem to be more or less infested by it, and for this insect the chief remedy 

 is to spray with the Lime-sulphur "Wash. These two mixtures — (1) the 

 Bordeaux Mixture (poisoned), and (2) the Lime-sulphur "Wash — are 

 the most important ones for our growers to understand. 



THE BORDEAUX MIXTURE. 

 (Poisoned With Paris Green, or With Arsenate of Lead.) 



This is the standard spraying remedy for the majority of those kinds 

 of caterpillars, beetles, worms, etc., that devour the foliage or eat into 

 the fruit, and also for those diseases commonly known as rots, rusts, 

 scab, etc., that attack the foliage and fruit. It is not expensive, is easy 

 to prepare, and the ingredients may be obtained in almost every village. 



All of our orchard fruits are attacked by a number of insect enemies 

 and fungus diseases every year, and we can only be assured of keeping 

 them in check by adopting a regular system of spraying to be followed 

 every year, making the applications at the proper times, regardless of 

 whether the pests have appeared at that time or not. 



There is no one fixed formula by which the poisoned Bordeaux Mix- 

 ture must always be prepared. Some persons use a little more or a little 

 less of each of the ingredients than others. All things considered, we 

 use and recommend what is known as the "five-five-fifty" formula ; that 

 is, a formula in which five pounds of lime and five pounds of bluestone 

 are used to make fifty gallons, and to this we add from 5 to 8 ounces of 

 Paris green (or 3 to 5 pounds of arsenate of lead). This is the ordinary 

 formula for the regular mixture, as used on apple and pear trees, though 

 for use on peach, plum, cherry and apricot a weaker mixture is used : 



Preparing the Mixture. 



Formula. — Stone lime (unslaked) 5 pounds 



Bluestone 5 pounds 



Paris green 5 to 8 ounces 



(or arsenate of lead 3 to 5 pounds) 



Water 50 gallons. 



Important Note. — If it is to be used on peach, plum, cherry or apricot, 

 use only 2^ pounds bluestone and 2% or 3 ounces of Paris green (or 3 

 pounds of arsenate of lead). 



Directions for Making. — Put the bluestone in a cloth sack and hang it 

 in a tub or keg of water so that it is just below the surface. In this 

 way it will dissolve much more rapidly than if thrown in so that it sinks 

 to the bottom. Warm or hot water will dissolve it much more rapidly 

 than cold. Put this to dissolve the evening before it is intended to spray 

 and it will be dissolved by morning. This should be in a wooden recep- 

 tacle. After the bluestone has dissolved, add water to make 25 gallons 

 (if there is not that amount already). 



