The Bulletin. 19 



back into itself again. After this whole mass has been thoroughly 

 churned together it will be of a light creamy nature, and will then mix 

 readily with even cold water. This gives us a total of three gallons, 

 two gallons of which (or 66 per cent) is oil. To. reduce this down to 

 the proportions desired, observe the following table: 



To get 10 per cent oil, add 17 gallons of water. 



To get 15 per cent oil, add 10 gallons of water. 



To get 25 per cent oil, add 5 gallons of water. 



To get 50 per cent oil, add 1 gallon of water. 



If desired, the emulsion may be prepared in less (or greater) quantity 

 than here indicated, but care must be taken to carefully follow the pro- 

 portions here given, so that the final mixture that is sprayed on the trees 

 will be of the desired strength — not more and not less. It often requires 

 a little experience and skill in making the mixture and a thorough under- 

 standing of how much water to add to reduce the mixture to the strength 

 desired. It must be remembered that this remedy only affects those 

 insects that are actually wetted by it, hence the application must be very 

 thorough. 



Soap Solution. — For many soft-bodied insects, such as plant lice, a 

 strong solution of ordinary soap in water is quite effectual. We do not 

 know that the exact proportions necessary for all the different species has 

 been worked out, but we have used the following with excellent results 

 against the gray Cabbage-louse, which often infests cabbage and turnips 

 in the spring, and no doubt the same strength would be effectual against 

 the Black Peach Aphis and the Green Apple Aphis, which often infest 

 the young growth of peach and apple trees in spring and early summer : 



Laundry soap IV2 pounds. 



Water 4 gallons. 



The soap should preferably be of a cheap grade which contains plenty 

 of lye. It is shaved into thin pieces in about two gallons of water, which 

 is then heated to boiling over the fire. Stir vigorously to thoroughly 

 dissolve the soap. Then add two gallons of cold water (or more, if 

 needed, so as to make four gallons in all) and spray while it is still warm. 



This is such a simple preparation, so cheap and easy to prepare that, 

 if needed, several applications can be made. It must be remembered 

 that it (like the Kerosene Emulsion) only affects those insects that are 

 actually wetted by it, hence the application must be very thorough. 



SPRAYING APPARATUS. 



What is the best spray pump ? That is a question often asked, and 

 entirely impossible to answer with any assurance of satisfaction. Some 

 growers get along very nicely with the small bucket pumps (if their 

 orchards are not large), while others quickly abandon them for the 

 larger and more powerful kinds. Some (especially gardeners and truck- 

 ers) prefer the knapsack pumps, while others say that they wouldn't 

 have one, as they are too hard to work with. Some like the compressed- 



