28 The Bulletin. 



white spot near the middle of the wings. The hind wings are crossed 

 near the middle by two irregular, sharply-defined black bands. The 

 abdomen is marked with five yellow spots. 



Life-histories. — Moths emerge from over-wintering pupae from the 

 middle of May until early July. These moths pair and soon lay eggs. 

 The eggs hatch normally in three or four days. The larvae of this 

 summer generation become full grown in from 20 to 25 days, when 

 they enter the ground and pupate three or four inches below the 

 surface. These pupae remain in the ground for not less than three 

 weeks, when the moths emerge from them. Moths from this genera- 

 tion, as well as some from over-wintering pupae, issue from mid- 

 July to late August in large numbers, but some issue as late as early 

 October. These moths pair and lay eggs which hatch in about three 

 days. Larvae are found in the fields from early August to mid- 

 October. Pupae of this generation are found from late August 

 through the winter, moths from some of them not issuing until late 

 August of the following year. No definite number of generations 

 of Horn Worms can be given for North Carolina. There are two 

 main flights of moths, one commencing about the middle of May and 

 continuing until early July, with the greater number of moths ranging 

 from the 1st to the 15th of June. These moths issue solely from 

 over-wintering pupae. There is a second flight of moths commencing 

 in mid-July and ending in late August, the greater number of motht 

 ranging from late July to mid-August. This flight of moths issues 

 from pupae of the summer generation as well as from over-wintering 

 pupae. Probably moths which are found flying in October represent 

 a partial third brood, but the broods are so confused that it is im- 

 possible to give any definite number. 



Habits. — Tobacco farmers are well acquainted with the general 

 character of the work of Horn Worms. The irregular oval holes eaten 

 through the leaf between the main veins by the young worms and the 

 complete stripping of the leaf to the mid-rib by the full-grown worms 

 is very characteristic. The young larvae prefer to work on the under 

 side of the leaf in sheltered situations. As they become larger, how- 

 ever, they are apt to feed more exposed, and in so doing subject them- 

 selves to the attack of various enemies. 



The adult moths are very strong flyers. They are the common 

 narrow-winged moths which are often noticed at dusk, sipping the 

 nectar from such deep flowers as those of the jimson weed and four 

 o'clock. 



Food Plants.— Besides tobacco, Horn Worms frequent various other 

 plants of the potato or tomato family; chief among these are the 

 cultivated tomato, eggplant, pepper, four o'clock, the wild night- 

 shades, horse nettle, matrimony vine, jimson weed or thorn apple and 

 ground cherry. In controlling Horn Worms it is quite essential that 



