The Bulletin. 11 



from nieal without injury to the stand. Finely ground bone-meal is 

 an excellent fertilizer for wheat and small grain where put in in the 

 fall with the grain and will give good results by itself on soils rich 

 in potash. Bone-meal carries about 22 per cent phosphoric acid and 

 4 to 5 per cent of ammonia. 



A good application of fertilizer for wheat is 300 to 600 pounds per 

 acre. Where the land has been well prepared and is in good con- 

 dition it will pay to fertilize liberally. As a rule, the fertilizer 

 should be applied in the fall at time of seeding, this being particularly 

 true in the application of phosphoric acid and potash supplying ma- 

 terials or mixtures of these. Good results will be obtained from the 

 use of one-half the nitrogen, or ammonia, in blood, tankage, meal, 

 etc., in the fall along with the phosphoric acid and potash, and the 

 other half as a top dressing in the spring after growth has well started 

 from nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia. Where wheat or 

 other small grain has been grown in one of the rotations suggested 

 above or similar ones with soil-improving crops, one-half the nitrogen 

 in the mixtures may be omitted after the rotation has been repeated 

 one or more times, and may be left out altogether after sufficient 

 organic matter, or humus, has been stored in the soil to produce a 

 sufficiently large development of stalk for a good crop of grain. Each 

 individual farmer must judge of this for himself by observing the 

 land and the kind of growth it produces, having specially in mind 

 that a good stalk development is necessary to a good crop, and that 

 nitrogen, or ammonia, supplies this, and that phosphoric acid and 

 potash are the constituents which have most to do with the production 

 of grain or seed; and further that too great development of stalk 

 proportionally to grain is a disadvantage and should be counteracted 

 either by omitting nitrogen, or ammonia, from the fertilizer or in- 

 creasing the amounts of phosphoric acid and potash. In dividing 

 the application of nitrogen and applying part in the fall and the rest 

 in the spring as a top dressing, the following equivalents would be 

 useful : 



One pound nitrate of soda is equal to 2.2 pounds cotton-seed meal, 

 2 pounds fish scrap, 1.2 pounds dried blood, and % pounds sulphate 

 of ammonia. 



The following equivalents apply to potash-supplying materials: 



One pound kainit equals .62 pound manure salt and ^4 pound each 

 of muriate or high-grade sulphate of potash. 



These figures, with the data given in the several formulas, will 

 enable any one to make change of one potash or nitrogen supply- 

 ing material for another in any of the formulas. 



The discussion above, as well as the formulas, are applicable for 

 oats the same as for wheat. 



