CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Introduction ; 1^ 



A general view of Egypt 12 



The Nile 20 



Nile gages 26 



Agricultural seasons - 2/ 



Farms and villages 29 



Cost of raising crops and value of farm products 31 



Development of Egyptian irrigation 32 



The canals of the Nile Valley 34 



Construction and maintenance of canals and levees 39 



Water-raising devices '*0 



The shaduf 40 



The sakiyeh 41 



The Archimedean screw 43 



The natali 44 



Pumping 44 



Duty of water 45 



The Cairo barrage , 47 



Reservoirs 49 



The Assuan reservoir 52 



The Assiut dam 58 



Drainage 59 



Laws and regulations 61 



Conditions to be considered 61 



Authority of officials 61 



Causes of litigation 65 



Irrigation and drainage laws 67 



Installation of water-raising devices 



<- 



Drainage ''^4 



The corvee ^^4 



Reform of the corvee system 78 



Conclusions 81 



Appendix 1 83 



Powers of the governors and inspectors of irrigation 83 



Canals and levees 85 



Order of the Minister of the Interior of July 16, 1898 94 



Appendix II - - - - - 96 



Installation of machines for elevating water 96 



Appendix III 99 



Drainage of swamps and marshes 99 



7 



