31 



The formula for the urea of a trianole never gives accurate results. 

 The formula for a quadrilateral is correct only when the ligure is a 

 rectangle. 



A few years ago an investigation was made to determine the average 

 size of the land holdings in Egypt. At the same time considerable 

 information was gathered regarding the number of farms and as to 

 whether the owners were natives or foreigners. It was found that 

 foreigners owned 5,130 farms, having a total area of 233,838 acres. 

 The average size of these farms was therefore 45.87 acres. There 

 were 22,699 farms owned by natives who, having consideralde influ- 

 ence, had secured titles to large areas under the conditions prevail- 

 ing prior to the occupation of the English. These people held 

 1,420,187 acres, the average size of the holdings being 62.59 acres. 

 There were 502,810 farms belonging to the peasantry. They owned 

 2,752,500 acres, making the average size of their holdings 5.47 acres. 

 The total number of farms in Egypt was 530,548. The total culti- 

 vated area exclusive of state lands and the area administered Ijy the 

 Daira Sanieh was 4,406,525 acres. The average size of an Egyptian 

 farm was therefore 8.3 acres. The total population of Egypt at the 

 time the census was taken was 6,754,050, so that one person in twelve 

 was a landowner, while 80 per cent of the landholders owned less than 

 10 acres each. 



COST OF RAISING CROPS AND VALUE OF FARM PRODUCTS. 



The cost of raising diflferent crops, as well as the yield of the same, 

 varies greatl}" throughout Egypt. Crops grown in the winter on 

 lands employing the basin system of irrigation can be matured much 

 cheaper than those grown under perennial irrigation where water must 

 be lifted. In the best agricultural districts of Upper Egypt sugar 

 cane is the most valuable crop. In preparing the ground for seed and 

 sowing the -same an outlay of about $7 per acre must be met. The 

 seed costs from $10 to $12 per acre, irrigation al)out §10, cultivating 

 and harvesting $14, making the total cost per acre amount to $40 or 

 $45 per acre. If the land requires fertilizers the cost of these may 

 make the yearly expense $2.50 higher. The 3deld of sugar cane aver- 

 ages about 32 tons per acre, which is worth $128. The net profit from 

 an acre of sugar cane is, therefore, between $80 and $85 per acre. If 

 the land is rented the tenant probably pays from one-third to one-half 

 of the crop to the owner. The landowner pays between $5 and $10 in 

 taxes each 3^ear on such land. The cost of raising cotton in Upper 

 Egypt is about one-third as much as for raising sugar cane, while the 

 net profit approximates $50 per acre, or about live-eighths as much. 

 The cost of raising other crops runs from $1 to $6 per acre in Upper 

 Egypt. The principal crops grown there in order of their importance 

 are sugar cane, cotton, wheat, Indian corn, millet, vegetables, beans, 



