SUMMARY. 31 



Soil humus and nitrates are easily increased by turning under 

 green-manure crops. Crops proving to be of value as green manure 

 are Canadian field peas and Abruzzes rye. Green-manure crops 

 should not be sown later than December f 5. The stubble should be 

 double-disked immediately after the wheat crop is harvested, fol- 

 lowed by a shallow plowing as early as possible in the fall. These 

 crops should be turned under during early March before the soil is 

 too dry for deep plowing, which is necessary in order to get the 

 growing peas and rye well under, after' which the soil should be har- 

 rowed immediately. 



The good effect of deep plowing and green manuring is proved in 

 actual experiment by increased yields and profits. 



A method of cultivation whereby the land may be cleaned of weeds 

 should be employed. 



A lanre number of wheat varieties have been tested in California in 

 an attempt to find better ones. Factors entering into the selection 

 of varieties for California are the climate and soil of the locality 

 where the variety is to be tested, the habit of growth of the variety, 

 its nonshattering character, milling quality, yield, strength of straw, 

 the presence or absence of beards, and rust resistance. 



It is important that grain growers practice better methods of seed 

 selection. The seed should be graded with a fanning mill. A prac- 

 tical method of improvement is the use of what is known as the ' ' seed 

 plat." 



The Chul and Fretes wheats are new varieties adapted to California 

 conditions. In some sections of the State these wheats have excelled 

 the commonly grown varieties in yield to the acre. 



Milling and baking tests of the Chul and Fretes varieties have been 

 made which indicate that they are superior to Australian and Club 

 wheats in these respects. 



Much care should be exercised by the growers in securing pure 

 seed of these wheats. 



Observations indicate that the length of the growing and fruiting 

 periods of a variety of wheat controls to a considerable degree the 

 percentage of protein contained. Short growing and fruiting periods 

 produce grain with a high percentage of protein. 



The Chul and Fretes varieties are adapted to comparatively late 

 seeding, which is favorable to a high percentage of protein in the 

 grain produced. 



178 



