14 CEREAL RUSTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



varieties, wliich is just tlie reverse of tlie rule. A probable reason for 

 this is that early wbeat is sometimes weakened by frosts or freezes and 

 is thus rendered more liable to rust. In the Atlantic coast States the 

 wild blackberry rust {Cccoma niteris) is extremely abundant, especially 

 in the edges of clearings near fields of wheat— a fact which has given 

 rise to the erroneous opinion in this State that this rust has some 

 ontogenetic connection with the cereal rusts (53, p. 16). Three counties 

 in which rust is quite prevalent are Eandolph, Alexander, and Moore. 

 Ohio.— The black stem rust is occasionally very prevalent in this 

 State. There is much more injury by rust to oats than to wheat. On 

 account of early ripening, Fultz wheat is less liable to rust than other 

 varieties. Here, also, fertilizers cause rapid growth and early maturity, 

 and act to some extent as preventives of rust. The counties in which 

 rust is reported to be especially injurious are Clark, Stark, Kichland, 

 Fayette, Hancock, Knox, Logan, Guernsey, Crawford, Scioto, Defiance, 

 Greene, Medina, Mercer, Meigs, Miami, and Harrison. 



Michigan.— In this State wheat is often badly damaged by rust, but, 

 as in all the North Central States, oats suffers still more. Wheat is 

 much more liable to rust injury after winterkilling, hence late varieties 

 suffer more than the early varieties. The varieties of wheat most gen- 

 erally grown are Clawsou and Fultz. Rust rarely occurs in the sandy 

 districts. It is apparently most abundant in Antrim, Jackson, Wayne, 

 Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Lapeer, Benzie, Alcona, Leelanau, Clinton, 

 Shiawassee, Livingston, Washtenaw, Osceola, Midland, Saginaw, and 

 Ingham counties. 



Indiana.— V^heat is much injured and oats is commonly damaged 

 in this State by rust. Late varieties are invariably much more liable 

 to rust than the early varieties. Fultz wheat escapes rust, not because 

 it is rust resistant, but because it ripens early. In some instances the 

 growing of oats has been abandoned on account of rust. Grain is 

 said to be free from rust in the warm, sandy soils. Some claim that it 

 is very severe only once in two to five years. Black stem rust is the 

 most injurious species occurring in this State. The counties in which 

 the greatest amount of rust is found are Wayne, Yanderburg, Jen- 

 nings, Pike, Sullivan, Greene, Ohio, Union, Lawrence, Posey, Gibson, 

 Clinton, Ilipley, Bartholomew, Huntington, Adams, Morgan, Wells, 

 Clark, Delaware, Miami, Starke, and Johnson. 



T^l-sconsiH.— According to nearly half the reports received from this 

 State, wheat is commonly damaged by rust. As in some other States, 

 it is believed by many that an application of salt, lime, or ashes 

 hastens ripening and makes stifler and cleaner straw. It is claimed 

 by some that White Kussiau oats possesses a considerable degree of 

 rust resistance. Black stem rust constitutes a good proportion of the 

 cereal rusts. Some t»f the counties in which there is much rust are 

 Marathon, Pepin, Waukesha, Richland, Ozaukee, Brown, Waupaca, 

 Adams, Marquette, Dunn, Waushara, Polk, Sauk, Outagamie, Juneau, 

 Bufl'alo, Winnebago, Saint Croix, Jackson, and Sheboygan. 



