SAVING OF FOLIAGE. 88 



coppor carbon Jit o sprays used contaiiu'd much less })asic copper car- 

 bonate than the other copper sprays applied, their comparatively low 

 effectiveness aj^fainst curl is fully accounted for, and for this reason 

 they were not included when calculating the average action of the 

 copper sprays in jj^eneral. They were outclassed by the amount of 

 copper used in the other sprays. 



The foliage saved by the use of iron sulphate and lime (lo trees) 

 was but 57 percent May !•. This shows a nuich less satisfactory action 

 than either the copper or the sulphur sprays. The iron sulphate com- 

 bined with the sulphur and lime sprays showed a saving of foliage 

 May J> of 75.8 per cent. While this is a good showing, the beneticial 

 action was evidently due to the sulphur of the spray and not to the 

 iron, and the result was even below the average obtained by th«' sidphur 

 sprays alone, or equal to those having the same amount of sulphur. 



On<' experiment (lo trees) was mad(; with sulphide of potassium, but 

 the average percentage of foliagt' saved by this spray was. May '.», only 

 38.8. Sulphide of potassium combined with milk of liuie {'20 trees) 

 showed a greater saving of leaves, being 4i>.S per cent, but as the 

 sulphide alone gave a saving 11 jjer cent lower, and as milk of lime 

 saved as high as 58.8 per cent, it is questionable if the lime was not 

 the more active agent in the combination. As already stated, the 

 milk of lime applied as a spray (10 trees) showed a saving of 58.8 

 per cent of the leaves, which was (juite satisfactory for a spray con- 

 taining none of the standard fungicides. The spray pr(»par(»d from 

 lime and salt (10 trees) gave a high record, the healthy foliage May 1> 

 being 7l».5 per cent. While it is possible that the fungicidal action of 

 this spray may be somewhat higher than that of milk of lime alone, 

 it is perhaps more probable that the results noted arose from another 

 influence. It was learned in the previous year's work that a solution 

 of salt injured the new growth and tender leaves, and it is thought 

 likely that in the present case the earliest growth and that which first 

 showed disease was destroyed by the spray, and that the foliage 

 estimated was a new and somewhat later growth, showing nmch less 

 disease than the first foliage would have shown. It would be well, 

 however, to repeat this test. 



Some interesting facts are brought out b}" the preceding table in 

 relation to the. continued action of the fungicides used. By comparing 

 the first column, the percentages of healthy foliage taken April 22 

 and 23, with the second column, the percentages taken May 9, it will 

 be seen that the percentage of healthy foliage on all trees sprayed 

 with the sulphur or copper sprays increased decidedly between the 

 two dates of estimate, as shown in the third column. On the other 

 hand, the action of the weaker sprays was overcome b}" the disease, 

 and the percentage of healthy foliage May 9 was much less than April 

 23, as shown in the fourth column. These weaker sprays checked the 



