SAVING OF FOLIAGE. 87 



Those coniptirisons iiulicate a decided increase in activity of the 

 sprays as the percentai;e of lime is lessened — the total amount of cop- 

 per remaining tlie same, at least to that point wliere the number of 

 pounds of copp«>r sulphate and lime are (Hpial. The fornuihe contain- 

 injjf H pounds of copper sulphat*^ can not all he compared as justly as 

 the above formulie have been, owing to a difference in the make of 

 copper sulphate used on row H3. However, rows 45 and 54, each hav- 

 ing been sprayed with a formula containing 8 pounds copper sulpliate 

 and 10 pounds lime, may be compared with row 25, which was treated 

 with 8 pounds of copper sulphat«^ and 5 pounds of lime. The average 

 saving of foliage per pound of copper sulphate in the formei' two 

 experiments (10 pounds lime) was l.so per cent. The sa\Ing per pound 

 of copper sulphate in the latter experiment (5 pounds lime) was I!M; 

 per cent. These comparisons also show most gain in foliage per pound 

 of copper sulphate where least lime was u.sed. 



That no misconception may be fornu'd from the preceding com- 

 parisons, it is well to consider that the sprays were applied in these 

 cases innnediately before the opening of the buds, so that prompt action 

 of the coppcM" was of greater importance than the enduring <pialities 

 of the s})rays. As will be elsewhere shown, however, the I'ndurance of 

 sprays upon the trees is largely increased with the increase of the 

 amount of lime they contain. A large increase of lime above the 

 absolute requirements for the Bordeaux mixture is not necessary when 

 the spray is applied so near the date of the opening of the buds that 

 its action can not be delayed without loss in eli'ectiveness. On the 

 other hand, if the spray is applied at an earlier date, so that it is 

 req^uired to withstand weathering for a longer period, a considerable 

 increase in the amount of lime may be an advantage in increasing its 

 enduring quality. 



The amount of copper sulphate used in the preparation of the Bor- 

 deaux mixture varied from 2 to 6 pounds for 45 gallons of spray. Of 

 the nine formulie tested, that containing 5 pounds of copper sulphate 

 and 5 pounds of lime (row 21) gave the highest gain in foliage over 

 the average healthy foliage of the control trees, or 634 per cent. 

 There was an actual average saving of 95.9 per cent of the spring 

 foliage of the 10 trees sprayed, consequently the average loss of foliage 

 in this experiment was only 4. 1 per cent. The next best results were 

 obtained with the spray containing 4 pounds copper sulphate and 5 

 pounds lime (row 22). This spray gave a gain in foliage above the 

 average produced by the control rows of 624 per cent. The average 

 amount of foliage saved on the 10 trees was 94.5 per cent, showing 

 that all but 5.5 per cent of disease had been prevented. While row 33 

 shows the next highest saving in foliage, these results, as already 

 indicated, are exceptional, as shown by comparison. The yield of 

 fruit which this row produced also shows the foliage records to be 

 exceptional, and they may properl}' be omitted in these comparisons. 



