AUXILIARY WORK. 137 



with tlio treattnent for leaf curl, whicli adds so much vi^or and sturdiness to the tree, 

 ay iiuUeated )>y the put^hiiig out i)f dormant l)uds on lower hranclies, the liahiUty to 

 attacks t)f other fungi would have been lessened, and it would then have been ditii- 

 cult for the great shot-hole wave to sweep over our orchards as it did in 1893 and 

 1894. 



The quality of peaches grown in the Willamette Valley is unsurpassed. No 

 locality in the United States can produce more delicious fruit. It seems judicious, 

 then, to attempt to save this industry and render it i>rorital)le ajjjain. To this end it 

 is to ])e hoped that the Department's methods for the iirevention of these fimgous 

 attacks will !«? widely adopted. 



The spray work conducted b}' Mr. Lownsdale in the spring of 1894 

 involved the spraying of some 1,700 young trees and the testing of 

 10 spray formuhe. With each of the 10 experiments was included 

 a considerable number of unsprayed trees left for comparison, these 

 control trees being of the same variety as the trees sprayed in the 

 same experiment, and in each case they were so located at the sides or 

 among the sprayed trees as to admit of just comparison. Mr. Lowns- 

 dale's report upon this extensive work is given below. All the spray 

 formuliv prepared by him were for 45 gallons of water: 



Thirty acres of peach trees were devoted to experimental work under your direc- 

 tion. These trees were Crawfords Early and Early Charlotte (a seedling from the 

 Crawfords Early) . In addition to these tests 10 acres were left wholly untreated 

 as a block check against the main experiments. All these trees were 3 years old, 

 and had curled so badly in 1893 that they had twisted into shapeless masses, though 

 they had partially recovered later m the season. The general plan of work was to 

 treat a block of at least 100 trees with each formula, leaving intervening check rows 

 untreated. In some instances check rows were interspersed through the treated 

 block, it being desirable to have all conditions as nearly alike as possible. 



Fornuila A (10 pounds sulphur, 20 pounds lime, 10 pounds salt) was applied March 

 21, 1894, to 264 trees in 8 rows, with 2 control rows on each side of the block. Curl 

 appeared in about 3 per cent of the foliage jf the sprayed trees, while 60 per cent of 

 the foliage of the untreated controls Avas affected. 



Formula B (5 pounds sulphur, 10 pounds lime, 5 pounds salt) was applied March 

 23 to 204 trees in 4 rows, with 2 check rows on each side of block. About 3 per 

 cent of foliage was affected, while untreated check rows curled very badly. 



Formula C (5 pounds sulphur, 10 poimds lime) was applied to 166 trees on March 

 22 in a block 4 rows wide, with the customary 2 check rows. Curl developed on 

 about 10 per cent of the foliage of the treated trees, and upon about 60 per cent of 

 that of the controls. 



Formula G (6 pounds copper sulphate, 10 pounds lime) was applied to 42 trees 

 on March 17. About 5 per cent of foliage was affected on the sprayed trees, but the 

 controls were so badly affected that they scarcely siu-vived the summer. 



Formula H (3 pounds copper sulphate, 5 pounds lime) was appUed March 20 to 

 186 trees in a block 6 rows wide. About 8 per cent of the foliage of the sprayed 

 trees was affected, while the controls were as under Formula G. 



Formula I (2 pounds copper sulphate, 3 pints 26° ammonia) was applied March 20 

 to 26 trees with 26 check trees. About 5 per cent of curl developed on treated trees, 

 while the check row was very badly injured. 



Formula J (4 pounds copper sulphate, 5 pounds sal soda, 3 pints 26° ammonia) was 

 applied March 20 to 26 trees, with 2 check rows of 26 trees. Curl developed on 3 

 per cent of the foliage of the treated trees, but the controls were almost destroyed. 



