CHAPTER IX. 



THE APPLICATION OF SPRAYS. 

 GENERAL ACCESSORIES FOR WINTER SPRAYING. 



To those who have sprayed for years and have learned by experience 

 the most suitable appliances for such work the present remarks ma}' 

 not prove of direct valu(>. They are especially intended, however, for 

 those undertaking such work for the tirst time. 



NOZZLES SUITKl) TO WINTKK WORK. 



The past few years have seen in tlie United States a very great 

 increas-e in the styles and places of manufacture of nozzles and other 

 spraying appliances. At the present time the num])er of styles and 

 makes of nozzles often leads to confusion in the mind of the prospective 

 sprayer. In fact, however, there are but few essential features to a good 

 nozzle. The form of greatest im])()rt:ince for most classes of woi-k is 

 that \7hich gives to the discharged spray a rotary or cyclone motion. 

 This movement is given in a very simple manner by admitting the 

 stream at an angle into a circular chamber in the nozzle, so that it lirst 

 strikes the curving side of the chamber, and is thus forced to assume 

 a circular or rotar}' motion. The revolving stream then passes through 

 the small central opening of the discharge plate and widens into a cone- 

 shaped spray, which gives to this nozzle certain advantages not enjoyed 

 by several other types now on the market. Spraj" from such a nozzle 

 covers a greater area without moving the nozzle than is covered with 

 most other types. There are nozzles, however, capable of throwing 

 spray to greater heights. The rotary motion assumed by the spray in 

 the cyclone or Vermorel nozzles is a dissipation of force, at least in 

 most forms of these nozzles, so far as concerns the throwing of sprays 

 to a great distance. A type of nozzle first used near San Jose, Cal., 

 and now bearing the name of that town, is perhaps better adapted to 

 long-distance spraying, and has been extensively used on the Pacific 

 coast. The spray is formed by the fluid passing, under high pressure, 

 through a narrow slit in a rubber or metallic plate. Where the rubber 

 plate is used the escape of small particles may take place through the 

 temporary expansion of the opening in the plate. 



The cyclone nozzles are now made by many manufacturers in different 

 portions of the country, and may be obtained through any first-class 



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