16 THE DESCRIPTION OF WHEAT VARIETIES. 



The term clubbed has been applied indiscriminately to either the shape 

 of the head or the shape of the grain, but in the accompanying form 

 the word clubbed is reserved to describe the shape of the head, while 

 the term pear-shaped is used for the grain. The grain may be thin, 

 medium, or plump, and flat-cheeked, plump-cheeked (PL V, fig. 12), or 

 angular-cheeked (fig. 10), the cheek of the grain here meaning the por- 

 tion on either side of the crease. It may also be pointed or blunt at 

 the tip and pointed or blunt at the base. 



The color terms are again only comparative. 



The brush of the grain is the growth of hair at the tip or the end 

 opposite the germ. The terms large and small apply to the area over 

 whieli the brush is borne, and the terms long and short apply to the 

 length of the hairs. The grain of Triticum durum is characterized 

 by the extreme shortness of the brush (PI. Y, fig. 4), but some slight 

 growth of hair is always present, even in varieties of this species. 



The crease of the grain is the indentation extending along the side 

 opposite the germ. This crease may be deep, medium, or shallow, 

 that is, the portion of the endosperm between the bottom of the crease 

 and the outer skin of the berry may be thick or thin and the crease 

 ma}- be either wide, medium, or narrow. The cross sections of the 

 grain shown in Plate V, figs. 10, 11, and 12, give a good example of 

 extreme cases of this characteristic. The terms very horny, horny, dull, 

 and starchy apply to the texture of the grain in cross section. 



Milling qualities.. — The terms first-class, good, medium, and poor 

 are purposely indefinite here because it is impossible to give in so 

 brief a space more definite expression of the characters which go to 

 determine the milling qualities of the wheat and the terms used give 

 at least an idea of the opinion of the observer. 



General characteristics. — The terms hardy, medium, and delicate, 

 early, medium, and late need no explanation. The days maturing 

 should be given as the time from the planting of the grain until the 

 plant is fully matured. Autumn planted and spring planted refer to 

 the season of the year when the grain was sown. Drought resistana 

 is a term applied to the ability of wheats to mature well under droughty 

 conditions; the adjectives good, medium, and poor serve to indicate 

 the observer's idea of the relative merits of a variety in this regard. 

 The amount of yield should be stated in grams per plant or bushels 

 per acre. 



