DISCUSSION OF VARIETIES. 49 



others, and this makes the shipping dates of one orchard differ accordingly from those 

 of another in the same locality. In the New Jersey section the tendency is to let the 

 fruit reach a somewhat more mature condition than is customary in the Chesapeake 

 peninsula section, hence shipping dates are relatively later in the former section. In 

 the Virginia and North Carolina sections the season begins from the 10th to the 20th of 

 June. Ripening is quite uniform, so that the entire crop can usually be harvested in 

 two pickings. If conditions are favorable for growth after the first picking is made, the 

 fruit which is allowed to remain on the trees will develop rapidly in size so that 

 the second picking usually comprises the best grade of fruit produced. Formerly the 

 Yellow Transparent was considered too tender for a market variety, but experience has 

 demonstrated that with reasonable care in handling, especially if the fruit is picked 

 while it is still firm, fairly long-distance shipments can be safely made if the packing is 

 well done. In some of the experimental export shipments made by the Bureau of 

 Plant Industry this variety carried in good condition, in cold storage, to the English 

 markets. 



As mentioned under Thaler, the fruit of Yellow Transparent very closely resembles 

 that variety. Thaler possibly being a few days later, and the tree rather more vigorous 

 than Yellow Transparent. 



PROMISING VARIETIES FOR TRIAL. 



There are a number of varieties of summer apples of considerable 

 prominence in other sections that, so far as observed, are not being 

 grown in this region but which would doubtless be of value both com- 

 mercially and for home use. Some of the more promising of these are 

 the following: 



Coffman. 



This variety has been known for many years in some sections of Tennessee, particu- 

 larly in Lauderdale County. It was named for the owner of the farm on which one of 

 the first trees of it to attract attention stood. It was propagated and introduced to the 

 trade in 1888. It is not widely known among fruit growers. « 



It is a vigorous, upright grower and produces regular annual crojjs. The fruit is of 

 the Red June type and it may be a seedling of that variety; medium or above in size; 

 roundish; under color yellow, washed with mixed red and stripes of purplish red, 

 turning to almost a black-red when highly colored; subacid; good to very good. It is 

 said to ripen about with Red June. 



On account of the value of the Red June apple and others of its type in some sections 

 of this region, and the similarity of Coffman to that variety, it is considered worthy of 

 extended trial here. 



Early Cooper. Synonym: Cooper's Early White. 



There is much uncertainty in regard to the place of origin of this variety. By some 

 it is thought to have come from Iowa, but the evidence is not conclusive. It is grown 

 to a considerable extent in some parts of the Middle West. In some sections of Kansas 

 and Oklahoma it is very successful. 



The tree is an exceptionally fine stocky grower, bears early, and is productive. 

 The fruit is medium size; round or roundish oblate; clear greenish yellow; quality good. 

 It is considered especially desirable for cooking, while its firm texture makes it a satis- 

 factory sort for shipping. Probal)ly it could bo marketed from the central sections of 

 this region by the last of July. 



a For further historical information and a detailed description of this variety, see 

 the Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture for 1909, p. 377. 

 56682°— Bui. 194—11 4 



