48 SUMMEE APPLES IN THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES. 



market qualities which this variety possesses it is very satisfactory as a rule and more 

 profitable than most of the second early sorts. It is one of the comparatively few- 

 varieties that are grown in large quantities. An occasional adverse report is heard 

 relative to its behavior in these sections, but they are so exceptional that they do not 

 materially affect the general standing of the variety. 



There is apparently confusion in some sections of this region in connection with this 

 variety. In the above-mentioned sections where it is commercially important it is 

 perhaps better known by its synonyms Williams Early or Williams Early Red than 

 by its approved name. In other sections it is commonly called by another synonym, 

 Williams Favorite. Occasional statements are made in this region, however, that 

 Williams Early Red and Williams Favorite are distinct varieties, 'the former being a 

 scraggly, poor grower, but a good bearer; the latter, a strong, vigorous upright tree, but 

 a shy bearer and not commonly grown. 



Since the apple known to the growers of this region as Williams Early or Williams 

 Early Red is undoubtedly Williams, as above described, considerable effort has been 

 made to determine the identity of the variety known in this region as Williams Favor- 

 ite. Though the latter variety is commonly spoken of, few growers are actually 

 familiar with it, and it has been difficult to locate bearing trees. It appears probable, 

 however, that the Williams Favorite of some, at least, is the Sops-of-Wine, as it has 

 recently been determined that the latter variety has been disseminated somewhat 

 under the name Williams Favorite, which name has been erroneously used as a 

 synonym of that variety. Some young trees planted for Williams Favorite (of this 

 region) and which correspond in tree characters to this variety, as above described, 

 have been identified as Sops-of-Wine. While this still leaves the matter open to some 

 doubt, it at least is a partial clearing up of the confusion. There may be still other 

 varieties not yet examined in this connection which are being grown under the name 

 Williams Favorite. 

 Yellow Transparent. Synonym: Government List No. S34. 



As the synonym of this variety implies, this is one of the importations from Russia 

 made by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1870. It has been widely 

 disseminated, being now grown in many parts of the country. It possesses an unusu- 

 ally wide range of adaptability, as is evident from the high degree of success with 

 which it is grown in many sections. 



In this region it is one of the most important early varieties. It is more extensively 

 grown in Delaware than in any other section, but it is being planted throughout the 



region. 



Under high culture the tree makes a fairly strong upright growth for the first few 

 years (PI. I), but in many orchards the growth is rather short and stubby. This gives 

 the tree a somewhat stunted appearance. Closer planting is possible than with most 

 varieties on account of the small size of the tree. Frequently a few apples are borne 

 the first year after the trees are planted, and often when 2 and 3 years old considerable 

 fruit will set. Full bearing is reached at an early age. Nearly annual and fairly 

 abundant crops may be expected in this region under good cultural conditions. 



The tree sometimes twig-blights rather badly, though in some orchards it seldom 

 appears. It is considered short lived, but because of its early-bearing proclivities 

 and abundant crops, longevity is not so important a matter as with some other varieties. 

 The fruit is above medium size; roundish conic; beautiful, clear yellowish white, the 

 skin having a waxy appearance; subacid; good to very good. 



In the Chesapeake peninsula section shipments frequently are made the latter part 

 of June, often as early as the 20th to the 25th of the month. But at this time the fruit is 

 rather immature and small. By the first week in July it is usually in prime condition 

 for shipping from this section, and by the 10th to the 15th of July it is generally all 

 marketed. Some growers, however, ship the fruit in a more immature condition thatt 

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