DROUGHT RESISTANCE OF OLIVE IN SOUTHWESTERN STATES. 



Tabic IX shows the mean nioiilhly and mean annual temperatures, 

 with the sums of heat units for twelve localities of the olive-growing 

 regions of Europe, Africa, and the United States, selected to show a 

 range of temperatures from that at Bologna, Italy, with an annual 

 mean of 57.16° F. and 20,895 heat units, which is slightly too cool, to 

 that of Palm Springs, Cal., where there is probably about the extreme 

 of heat which the olive will endure, it having an annual mean of 

 72.1° F. and a summation of 26,349 heat units. 



Table IX. — Mean temperatures and summation oj temperatures, by months, at points 

 in Algeria, Tunis, Sicibj, Italy, Arizona, and California. 



Month. 



January 



February 



March..! 



April 



May 



June 



July 



August 



September. . 



October 



November. . 

 December. . . 



Year.. 



Palm 

 Springs, Cal. 



03 



°F. 

 56.20 

 57. i:0 

 63.96 

 68.02 

 74.19 

 85.06 

 91.55 

 88. 23 

 83.73 

 76. 48 

 63.93 

 55.88 



72.10 



c 

 2 



03 

 g 



3 

 m 



°F. 

 1,742 

 1,010 

 1,983 

 2,059 

 2,300 

 2,552 

 2,838 

 2,735 

 2,512 

 2,371 

 1,918 

 1,729 



26, 349 



Biskra. 

 Algeria." 



a 



C3 



"F. 

 50.5 

 53.0 

 60.5 

 68.0 

 75.0 

 82.0 

 93.2 

 90.0 

 87.5 

 75.0 

 61.0 

 53.0 



70.7 



02 



°F. 

 1,565.5 

 1,584.0 

 1,875.5 

 2,040.0 

 2,325.0 

 2, 460. 

 2,889.0 

 2,790.0 

 2,625.0 

 2,325.0 

 1,830.0 

 1,643.0 



25,952.0 



Phoenix, 

 Ariz. 



°F. 



52 



56 



60 



67 



75 



85 



90 



89 



83 



71 



61 



52 



"F. 

 1,612 

 1,568 

 1,860 

 2,010 

 2, 325 

 2,550 

 2,790 

 2,759 

 2, 490 

 2,201 

 1,830 

 1,612 



25,607 



Tucson, 

 .'Vriz. 



°F. 



50 



54 



59 



66 



74 



82 



88 



86 



81 



70 



59 



52 



08 



a 

 o 



B 

 E 



°F. 

 1,550 

 1,512 

 1,829 

 1.980 

 2,294 

 2,460 

 2,728 

 2, 666 

 2,430 

 2,170 

 1,-770 

 1,612 



25,001 



Sfax, 

 Tunis. h 



C3 



°F. 

 51.3 

 54.4 

 59.1 

 03.2 

 68.8 

 72.8 

 78.5 

 79.3 

 78.4 

 72.8 

 61.8 

 54.0 



66.2 



c 

 _o 



E 

 S 



3 



°F. 

 1,590.3 

 1,523.2 

 1,832.1 

 1,896.0 

 2,132.8 

 2,184.0 

 2,433.5 

 2,458.3 

 2,352.0 

 2, 256. 

 1,854.0 

 1,674.0 



24, 186. 2 



Catania, 

 Sicily. c 



c 

 o 



c3 



°F. 



50 



52 



56 



60 



68 



76 



81 



82 



77 



68 



60 



54 



66 



°F. 



1,550 



1,456 



1,736 



1,800 



2,108 



2,280 



2,511 



2.542 



2,310 



2,108 



1,800 



1.074 



23.875 



Month. 



January 



Fresno, 

 Cal. 



Los Angeles, 

 Cal.d 



"F. 

 45 



I'"ebruarv : 51 



March. 



April 



May 



June 



July 



August 



September. 



October 



November. 

 December.. 



Year . 



c 

 2 



E 

 E 



c 



cS 



"f 



'F. 

 1,359 

 1,428 

 1,674 

 1,800 

 2,077 

 2,250 

 2,542 

 2,511 

 2,220 

 1,984 

 1,650 

 1,426 



63 22,921 



°F. 



54.2 



55 .'5 



56 



59 



62 



66 



68 



71 



69 



64 



60 



56.5 



62.3 



3 

 M 



"F. 

 1,070. 

 1,554. 

 1,703. 

 1,782. 

 1,937. 

 2,001. 

 2,135. 

 2,213. 

 2,085. 

 2,005. 

 1,812. 

 1,751. 



22, 712. 1 



San Diego, 

 Cal. 



°F. 



54 



55 



56 



00 



02 



65 



OS 



70 



66 



64 



59 



56 



61 



c 



a 

 E 

 E 



3 



"F. 

 1,074 

 1,540 

 1, '36 

 1,800 

 1,922 

 1,950 

 2, i08 

 2,170 

 1,980 

 1,984 

 1,770 

 1,736 



22,370 



Pisa, Italy. f^ 



a 



C3 



°F. 



44 

 49 

 52 

 00 

 05 

 71 



62 

 52 

 50 



60.75 



a 

 o 

 '^ 



C3 



E 

 g 



3 



o jp 



1,364 



1,.372 

 1,012 

 1,800 

 2,015 

 2, 1,30 

 2, 387 

 2,325 

 2,100 

 1,^82 

 1,.500 

 1,550 



22,257 



San Jose, 

 Cal. 



Bologna, 

 Italv.c 



°F. 



48" 



51 



54 



50 



60 



66 



07 



67 



65 



60 



54 



50 



a 



03 



E 

 E 



3 

 W 



o jp 



1,488 

 1.508 

 1,674 

 1,680 

 1,860 

 1,980 

 2,077 

 2,077 

 1,950 

 1,860 

 1,020 

 1,550 



58 21,384 





°F. 



36 

 42 

 48 

 58 

 65 

 72 

 78 

 74 

 69 

 58 

 46 

 40 



57.16 



■d 



03 



E 

 S 



3 

 02 



o jp 



1,110 

 1,176 

 1,488 

 1,740 

 2.015 

 2,160 

 2,418 

 2,294 

 2,070 

 1,798 

 1,380 

 1,240 



20,895 



a From Bulletin 53, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, p. 64. 



bFrom Bulletin 125, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, p. 14. 



cFrom "The Olive, Its Culture in Theory and Practice," by A. T. Marvin, San Francisco, 1888. 



d Computed from data furnished by Mr. A, B. Wallaber, United States Weather Bureau, Los .\ngeles, 

 Cal. 



eMean temperatures from "Climatology of the United States," Bulletin "Q", Weather Bureau, U. S. 

 Dept. of .Vgriculture. 



192 



