THK HISTORY <>F THE roWPKA. 49 



name, and it is preserved at the jjresent tlay in the form '" galavant " 

 as the name of one of the varieties of the cowpea. 



The four kinds mentioned hy Josselyn, Kh.") (\"()ya<i'es, To-Tl), are 

 "kidney-beans," " bonivis.'' " cidavances," and the " kidney-bean that 

 is proper to Konoake."" 



Bonivis is clearly a corruption of Italian linona rlsta, and Hughes, 

 1750 (Natural History of liarbadoes. •2\(\), writes ^^ Buona Vista^ 

 conunonly called Bonny-ris.'" Its earliest use in America appears to 

 be by Ilichard Ligon, 1(557 (A True and Exact History of the Island 

 of Barbadoes, 22, 24), " ]Maies, and Bonavists, planted between the 

 bou«fhs, the Trees lyini>- alonii' upon the <2:round; so far short Avas the 

 ground then of being cleared," No description is given by which 

 the name can be identified with a particular species, and its applica- 

 tion can only be inferred from its later use by other authors. Sloane, 

 1696 (Cat. ri. Jam., 67, 68), and 1707 (Nat. Hist. Jam., 1:177), 

 uses bonavist for DoUcIiok laJAah. The " Buona vista" of Hughes, 

 1750 (Nat. Hist. liarbadoes), is also certainly Dolichofi hihlah. 

 Wherever the word "bonavist" in its various forms occurs with an 

 identifiabh' description it refers to Dol'ichos hibhtJ). Josselyn's '* ca- 

 lavances," like that of William Hughes, is probably a plant with 

 pinnate leaves. Certainly no variety of Y'lgna viiyiiiculata then 

 known would nuiture seeds in New Enghind. The " kidney-bean that 

 is proper to Ivonoake "' may be either the Lima bean, the scarlet run- 

 ner, or one of the numerous varieties of the kidne}'^ bean. 



The " bushel bean " of Lawson is j^robably Phaseolus lunatus. 

 Sturtevant, 1885 (Amer. Nat., 11): 454), has suggested that the 

 " Indian rounceval, or miraculous peas," may have been Dolichos 

 sesqulpedalis^ but it would have been more natural for an English- 

 man to have applied the term to a plant more nearly resembling 

 the English rounceval. Law^son's " bonavis " is doubtless Dolichos 

 JoMah^ but " ealavancies " and " nanticokes " are scarcely identi- 

 fiable, though the latter is probably one of the various forms of the 

 kidne}^ bean. Brickell gives nearly the same description of bushel 

 bean and Indian rounceval as found in Lawson; in fact, the word- 

 ing is so familiar that it is without much doubt copied from the 

 earlier author. There is less doubt, however, regarding the " Cali- 

 vances " of Brickell. They resembled the bonavis, except that they 

 were not so flat. This clearly refers to some other plant than a Vicia 

 or Lathyrus, and though it can not be identified from the descriptions, 

 it must be either a form of Phaseolus vulgaris or perhaps the red- 

 seeded form of Vigna unguiculata, the " callavance " of Sloane. 



Jamaica was captured by the British in 1655, and possession was 

 confirmed by treaty in 1670. William Hughes (The American Phy- 

 sician, etc., published in 1672), describes several plants cultivated in 



302— VI 



