46 MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 



Carolina, 16, 17), describes the beans of the country in the following 

 language : 



There are several sorts of Pulse in this Provlnr-e ; and first, the Bushel Bean, 

 so called from producing a Bushel of Beans or more from one that is Planted ; 

 they are a Spontanious product in Carolina, and are Set in the Spring round 

 Arbours, or near long Poles set in the Ground for that purpose, where they 

 make a good Shade to sit under in the extremity of hot Weather ; they con- 

 tinue Budding, Flowering, and Ripening all the Summer, luitil the approach 

 of Frost, which i)revents their farther Growth, and so dye ; They climb 

 prodigi(ms high, and their Stalk is about the thickness of a Man's Thumb, 

 the Pod grows like the Kidney Bean, but the Bean is flat, white, or mottled, 

 with a purple Colour: They are extraordinary good, and well relished Pulse, 

 either by themselves or with Meat. 



The Indian Rouncival, or Miraculous Pea, so called from their long Pods 

 and great Increase. These are a late Pea, and require a pretty long Summer 

 to ripen and bring them to Perfection, they are a good Pulse, and in great 

 plenty all over this Province with Christians and Indians. 



The Bonavis is another kind of Pulse, and yields a great Increase, it doth 

 not require so long a Summer to ripen as the former, they grow like Kidney- 

 Beans, and are very plenty in this Province. 



The Calivances are another kind of Pulse, resembling the former, but are not 

 so flat, they are in great plenty in most of the Plantations amongst the Indian 

 Corn. These and the Bona r is, afford two Crops in the Year, and are generally 

 ripe and in full perfection in six Weeks time. 



The ^'anticoacks are another kind of Pulse, and resemble the Calivances, and 

 ai*e in great plenty all over this Province. 



There are several other kinds of Pulse in this Province that we have no 

 Name for, which are well known amongst the Indians, and are excellent Food. 



The Kidney-Bean, is likewise here in great plenty growing for the most part 

 in every Corn-Field. The Indians had these four Sorts of Pulse, viz. the 

 Bonavis, Calivances, Naiiticoacks, and Kidney-Beans, and several other sorts, 

 long before the Arrival of the Europeans amongst them ; which Report I have 

 had affirmed several times, not only from the Christians, but likewise from the 

 Indians in these Parts. 



These references and many others given by Gray and Trumbull, 

 1883 (American Journal of Science, 26: 130-138), and by Sturtevant, 

 1887 (American Naturalist, 21: 327-331), certainly justify those 

 authors in the conclusion that Phaseolus vulgaris^ P. coccineus, and 

 P. lunatus are natives of the New World. Koernicke, 1885 (Ver- 

 handl. Nat. Hist. Rhein. & Westphal. Correspondenzblatt, 136), also 

 arrived at the same conclusion in regard to P. rulgaris. The recent 

 discovery of seeds identified as P. vulgaris in the remains of the 

 mound builders in Ohio and of the cliff dwellers in New Mexico "^ 

 affords evidence additional to that presented by the above authors 

 of the nativity of that species. But among all the references given 

 there is no positive evidence that any species of Dolichos or Vigna 

 was in cultivation by the Indians for at least a hundred years after 



a Wittmack, 1905, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 15 : 14. 

 102— VI 



