20 MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 



hands, as well as the owner's residence. There are also a small tool 

 shed and ha}- barn near the large barn and a tool shed near the mill. 



The farm supports about 100 head of milch cows, 25 head of young 

 stock, 600 hens, 5 horses, and 3 or 4 hogs. Eight hired men are em- 

 ployed the year round. More cows are in milk in winter than in 

 summer and the extra work in the dairy compensates for the decreased 

 field work in winter. 



The equipment of implements, tools, machiner}-, etc., is as follows: 

 Two" plows of the swivel t3'pe (hillside plows); 2 harrows; 1 manure 

 spreader; 1 grain drill; 1 6-foot mower; 2 ha}" rakes (1 one-horse, 

 1 two-horse); 1 tedder (one or two horse); 2 wagons, with hay racks 

 and brake; 1 express wagon; 1 set of ice tools; dair}- equipment; 

 saw and grist mill equipment; dynamo and lights; 1 incubator. 



The land is not divided by fences into small lots, but is inclosed 

 entirely by a stone wall, which was built when clearing the land of 

 stone, for all the land was formerl}^ as ston}'^ as the pastures now are. 

 (See PI. I, fig. 2.) Some of the tillage land has been drained with 

 stone underdrains, and from a good deal of it there has been a great 

 number of old pine stumps pulled out. 



THE ROTATION FOLLOWED. 



The rotation on this farm, if such it ma}' be called, is exceedingly 

 simple. Broadly speaking, half the land is in permanent pasture and 

 half in meadow. Most of the 100 acres of meadow land is in grass 

 and clover. Each year about 12 to 15 acres of this grass that seem 

 most to need renewing are broken up. Of this, 2 or 3 acres are 

 devoted to corn for green feed in late summer, to be followed by peas 

 and oats the next spring. The remaining 10 to 12 acres are sown at 

 once to peas and oats for hay. In each of these cases grass and clover 

 are sown with the peas and oats, the land thus being returned to semi- 

 permanent meadow. If the seeding fails, it is repeated after the peas 

 and oats are cut for hay. This gives a long period during which the 

 land stays in grass, but owing to the fact that the owner spreads the 

 manure from more than a hundred head of live stock upon this land, 

 hauling it at nearly all seasons of the year, midwinter and haying time 

 excepted, the fields are kept in such a productive condition as to cut an 

 average of 2 tons of hay per acre over the entire meadow area, includ- 

 ing the peas and oats. 



As soon as the ground is hard enough to drive over in the spring, 

 the manure is brushed with a brush harrow, the man who drives the 

 harrow sowing at the same time a very light application of clover 

 seed — so light, in fact, that 1 bushel of red clover and 1 bushel of alsike 

 mixed go over the greater part of the 100 acres. Or, when manure 

 is being spread in the spring, some clover seed is applied by sprinkling 

 about a cupful on top of the loaded manure spreader. This plan 



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