EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 



Plate L Fig. 1.— Marginal-fruited shield-feru {Dryopterls marginalis), showing 

 upper surface of leaf, the lower surface with the " sori," or " fruit dots,"" 

 arranged on the margins, and the erect, chaffy rootstock. Fig. "2. — Skunk- 

 cabbage (Spathyenia foctidu), showing dowering plant with thick rootstock 

 and whorl of crowded roots ; unfolded leaf and spathe laid open to show 

 rounded spadix ; also seedling, and transverse section of rootstock. Fig. 



3. Sweet-flag {Acorns calaiims), showing s\A-ordlike leaves, flowering head 



produced from the side of the stalk, and long, creeping rootstock. Fig. 4. — 

 Bethroot {TriUium ercctum), showing leaves, various views of the flower, 

 and root. Arrangement of the different parts of the plant is in threes. 

 Plate IL Fig. 1. — Chamaelirium (Chamaellrium luteum), showing the male 

 plant. Note the arrangement of the long-stemmed leaves along the entire 

 stem and the graceful spike of feathery flowers, as compared with the 

 grasslike basal leaves and the erect flowering spikes of Aletris (fig. 2), 

 with which it Is often confused. The rootstock of Chamaelirium, with the 

 slightly curved upward end. is also shown. Fig. 2. — Aletris {Aletris fari- 

 iiosa).' Note the grasslike leaves at the base of the stem and the erect 

 spikes of urn-shaped flowers, as compared with the arrangement of the 

 leaves all along the stem and the drooping plumelike spikes of Chamaelir- 

 ium (fig. 1), with which Aletris is frequently confused. The rootstock of 

 Aletris, which is rough and scaly and almost completely hidden by the 

 fibrous roots, is. unfortunately, not well shown in the illustration. Fig. 3. — 

 Wild yam {Dioscorea viUosa), showing part of the vine, with its drooping 

 clusters of flowers and 8-winged seed capsules: also the long, horizontal 

 rootstock. Fig. 4. — Blue flag (Iris versicolor), showing sword-shaped 

 leaves, the flowers, and part of the rootstock. 

 Plate III. Fig. 1.— Large yellow lady's-slipper {Cypripedium hirsittum), show- 

 ing plant with its broad, parallel-veined leaves, and curious, baglike flower, 

 and also rootstock with wavy roots. Fig. 2.— Canada suakeroot (Asariim 

 canadense). showing, to the right, the flowering plant, and to the left the 

 fruiting plant, together with the creeping rootstocks. Fig. 3. — Virginia 

 serpentaria (Aristolochia serpentariu), plant showing seed capsules and 

 rootstock. Fig. 4.— Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis), showing the upper 

 flowering portion and seed pods ; also the runners and roots. 

 Plate IV. Fig. 1.— Oregon grape {Berl)eris aquifoliinu). showing a branch with 

 the leatherv, holly-like leaves, and clusters of berries. Fig. 2. — Blue cohosh 

 {Cduiophi/ilion ilialictroides). showing upper portion of the plant, with 

 flowering head. Fig. 3. — Canada moouseed {Menispermum canadense), 

 showiug'^a portion of the vine in flower. Fig. 4.— Hydrangea {Hydrangea 

 arborescens), showing a flowering and fruiting branch. 

 Plate V. Fig. 1. — Indian-physic {Porteranthus trifoliatus), showing upper 

 flowering portion, and base of stem with root. Fig. 2.— Wild sarsaparilla 

 ( iralia nudicaulis). showing flowering plant with rootstock. and to the left 

 a fruiting head. Fig. 3. — Ginseng {Panax qitinquefolium). showing, the 

 upper portion in flower, and the root. Fig- 4.— Water-eryngo {Eryngiuni 

 yiiccifolium). showing the long, grasslike leaves, stout-stemmed flowering 

 iieads, and rootstock. 

 Plate VI Fig. 1.— American angelica {Angelica atropiirpurea) , showing leaves, 

 fruiting head, and to the right a portion of the stem with broad, expanded 

 leafstalk Fig 2 — Pinkroot {Spioelia marilandica). showing flowering top 

 and seed capsules. Fig. 3.— Pleurisy-root (Asclepias tiiherosa), showing 

 flowering top, pods with escaping hairy seeds, and root. Fig. 4.--Comfrey 

 {f^ymphytum officinale), showing the thick, rough leaves, the clusters ot 

 flowers, lower portion of plant with root, and sections of root. 

 Pl\te VII Fig 1.— Stoneroot (CoUinsonia canadensis), showing flowering top 

 and base of stem with root. Fig. 2.— Queen-of-the-meadow (Eiipatornim 

 pirrpureum). showing leaves and flowers. Fig. 3.— Elecampane Irnila 

 /(p/cHiHwO. showing leaves, flowers, and root. Fig. 4.— Echinacea {Braii- 

 nrria angustifolia). showing flowering plant. 

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