6 



rils ; and this swelling, which is hot and sore, sometimes grows into 

 a tumour as large as a walnut, — generally firm and hard. A bird in 

 this condition is frequently found scratching at the tumour with its 

 claws or wino;s, as if endeavorinof to remove it. If the tumour grows 

 on the inner side, towards the nasal passage, it forces the roof of the 

 mouth downward, and the upper and lower beak are slowly pressed 

 out of their normal position, so that the bird cannot close its mouth. 



On making an incision into the tumour, we find a solid, cheesy, 

 yellowish matter, which may be pulled out like the root of a plant ; 

 but it usually has to be broken into small pieces ia order to get it 

 out. Around this mass, there is a more or less smooth, grey or brown- 

 ish membrane that is capable of again forming a cheesy mass similar 

 to what ha3 been removed. 



The mass itself, when not attended to, often grows into the 

 nasal canals, and blocks them up completely. Generally, combined 

 with the formation of the tumour on the face, there is an affection of 

 the eyes ; or the eyes become diseased without the preliminary dis- 

 charge from the nose, in which case poultry keepers speak of fowls 

 as suffering from " Roup of the Ej-es." 



Rowp of the Eyes. The first symptom of the eyes is generally 

 an infiammation of the eyelids. These become red, swollen, and hot ; 

 then the mucous membrane and glands of eyes become inflamed and 

 begin to secrete a liquid, — at first clear, and then of a grey slimy, put- 

 rid character. Occasionally the mucous membrane of the eye socket 

 is the primary seat of the infection of the eye, and the eyelids swell 

 as a secondary symptom. It is easy to understand that the ej^es may 

 become infected from the nasal cavity, as the eye socket has free con- 

 nection, by means of the lachrymal canal, with the nasal cavity, and 

 thus the diseased products from the nostrils can pass into the 

 -eye sockets. 



The secretion from the eyes is similar to that described as com- 

 ing from the nostrils, i. e., at first a clear liquid, then changing to a 

 putrid grey and offensive discharge., which dries on the feathers at 

 the side of the head, causing them to stick together or fall out. If 

 the secretion is retained in the eye socket, it undergoes a change, 

 becoming a yellowish, solid, cheesy mass of the same appearance as 

 that found in the nasal tumour. This cheesy mass either forces the 

 eye out of its socket, or the imflammation entirely destroys it. These 

 cheese-like masses form in one or two days, and may reappear after 

 many daily removals. 



All these affections, described above, may be localised on one side; 

 but often both nasal passages and both eyes are affected at the 

 same time. 



Combined with the symptoms of roup above described, there 

 often are patches of a greyish yellow exudation firmly adherent to the 

 mouth, throat, etc. These patches are called " false membranes "; and 



